大连办公建筑典型房间空气渗透转换系数的影响因素分析

Influencing Factors on Air Infiltration Conversion Coefficient of Typical Office Rooms in Dalian

空气渗透对建筑能耗、室内空气品质、围护结构热工性能等都具有重要的影响,多采用建筑气密性测试结果转换计算的方法进行评估。针对单元式办公建筑,现有研究缺乏不同气象工况下的渗透量实测分析,能否合理选取空气渗透转换系数也成为存在的问题之一。采用鼓风门法和示踪气体衰减法对某办公建筑典型房间的气密性与空气渗透量进行了实测,依据测试结果分析了其空气渗透转换系数及其影响因素。结果表明,转换系数在不同气象条件下的变化范围很大,变异系数大于20%,采用固定转换系数取值会导致和实际工况差异明显,需要根据使用要求选择合适的值。此外,通过分析发现,转换系数典型影响因素除建筑因素外,还包括室内外温差、风速以及风向等。研究成果可为建筑空气渗透量转换系数预测模型的建立提供基础数据。

Air infiltration greatly influences the building energy consumption, indoor air quality and thermal performance of the envelope, etc. It is usually evaluated by a transformation method based on the building airtightness test results. Existing researches lacks of the measurement analysis of air infiltration on the unit office buildings under different meteorological conditions. The reasonable evaluation of the corresponding conversion coefficient of air infiltration has become one of the existing problems. The airtightness and air infiltration rate of typical rooms of an office building are measured by using the blower door and tracer gas attenuation methods, respectively. Based on the test results, the air infiltration conversion coefficient and its influencing factors are analyzed. Analysis results show that the conversion coefficient varies widely, the coefficient of variation is more than 20% under different meteorological conditions. The above result indicates that a fixed conversion coefficient will lead to obvious difference from the actual conditions, and the appropriate value should be selected according to the requirements of application cases. In addition, the analysis shows that, besides the building influence factors, the typical influencing factors also include indoor and outdoor temperature difference, wind speed and wind direction, etc. This study can provide basic data for the prediction model of conversion coefficient of building air infiltration.