博物馆构建高质量老年观众服务体系的理论与实践

Theories and Practice of Building a High-Quality Service System for Elderly Museum Visitors

近年来,随着深度老龄社会的来临,我国博物馆开始将观众研究对象聚焦于老年人这一特殊群体。然而,无论是博物馆业界还是学界,已有研究普遍缺乏对于老年观众这一群体需求特质的准确把握和理解。“博物馆老年观众服务需求-供给层次”理论模型,不仅可对老年观众不同层次的需求内涵进行阐释,而且可以对博物馆服务供给结构中与不同需求层次相契合的服务对象、内容和目标的具体含义予以界定。我国博物馆高质量老年观众服务体系的建设,需要构建以老年观众社会/文化参与为目标的三层次服务内容体系,在赋权增能中惠及全体老年人,培育老年观众的主体性,形成“自助-互助”式服务形式,并且加强机构间协同合作,实现组织模式创新。

In recent years,with the advent of an aging society,Chinese museums have begun to shift their focus towards elderly visitors in their audience research.However,existing research conducted by museums and academic scholars lacks an accurate understanding of the specific needs and characteristics of elderly visitor.The Museum Elderly Visitors Service Needs-Supply Model not only explains the various needs of elderly visitors at different levels but also defines the specific implications of the service recipients,content,and goals that align with different levels of needs within the museum service supply structure.Constructing a high-quality service system for elderly museum visitors in China requires the development of a three-tiered service content system with the aim of promoting social and cultural participation among elderly visitors.This system should empower all elderly individuals,foster the agency of them,create a"self-help and mutual assistance"service model,and enhance inter-organizational cooperation to facilitate organizational innovation.