全球和我国多年冻土分布范围和实际面积研究进展

Permafrost Region and Permafrost Area in Globe and China

全球变暖会导致多年冻土解冻融化,这不仅对多年冻土区的工程和基础设施产生重要影响,还会改变陆地和大气间能量、水分和碳循环而反馈于气候系统.多年冻土主要分布于地下,其实际分布资料很难获取,因而许多研究对多年冻土区及其实际面积描述不清,进而影响了多年冻土变化和碳循环等研究结果.近年来,随着遥感和模型的发展,多年冻土实际分布取得了一系列的进展.根据国内外的最新结果,对全球和我国多年冻土区及其实际面积进行了综合分析.结果表明,目前北半球多年冻土区面积约为2100万km^(2),多年冻土实际面积约为1400万km^(2).我国青藏高原多年冻土区面积约为150万km^(2),实际多年冻土约为105万km^(2),我国其他地区的多年冻土实际分布还需进一步的研究.

Global warming will lead to the thaw of permafrost degradation.The permafrost degradation can cause serious damage to engineering and infrastructure in permafrost regions,it can also change water,energy and carbon cycle between the land and the atmosphere and further create a feedback to climate change.Most permafrost is the ground below the earth’s surface and thus is difficult to be detected.There are many literatures used the terms of permafrost region and permafrost area ambiguously,and the incorrectly use of the two terms can lead serious mistakes in permafrost change and carbon budget calculation.Recently,there are many advances in remote sensing and modelling of permafrost.Here it systematically reviews the literatures to clarify the area of permafrost regions and the actual permafrost area in the world as well as in China.The most recent studies show that the permafrost region in the northern hemisphere is about 21×10^(6)km^(2),and the actual permafrost area is about 14×10^(6)km^(2).For the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China,the permafrost region occupies an area of about 1.50×10^(6)km^(2),and the actual permafrost area is about 1.06×10^(6)km^(2).More data are required to quantify the actual permafrost area in other permafrost regions in China.