论两《唐书》书写云南事及其“云南认识”之异同

On the Similarities and Differences Between the Two Records of the Tang Dynasty in Writing About Yunnan Affairs and Their"Yunnan Understanding"

新、旧《唐书》记载云南地区史事,分别集中于《南蛮传》与《南蛮西南蛮传》。由于唐至北宋中期地缘政治与学术风气的变迁以及二书史源的差异,两部《唐书》对南诏及云南地区各部族的认识有所区别,即在认同云南作为王朝国家“天下”秩序之一员的前提下,产生了差异。《旧唐书》将云南地区视为王朝国家藩属体系不可分割的一部分,强调中原与云南的物质文化交流;《新唐书》将云南视作可与中原政权逐鹿天下的地方割据势力,并重视战争史的记载,呈现殊途同归的历史思想发展趋势。从史学发展的角度来看,两部《唐书》“云南认识”的差异,是中华民族“多元一体”史学发展的阶段性表达。同时,作为中国古代云南地区史学发展的一部分,它们的精神内核又具有趋同性。

The new and old Records of the Tang Dynasty give a full account of the historical events in Yunnan,focusing on Nanman Zhuan and Nanman-Xinanman Zhuan respectively.Due to the changes in geopolitics and academic atmosphere from the Tang Dynasty to the mid-Northern Song Dynasty,as well as the differences in the historical sources of the two books,the two Records of the Tang Dynasty have different understandings of the Nanzhao regime and the various dynastic countries in Yunnan Province.That is,"under the premise of being a member of dynastic countries and Tianxia(all under heaven),the differences have arisen.Old Records of the Tang Dynasty regards the Yunnan region as an integral part of vassal system of dynastic countries,emphasizing the material and cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and Yunnan Province;New Records of the Tang Dynasty regards Yunnan as a local separatist force that can compete with the Central Plains regime in the world,and attaches great importance to the records of war history,showing the development trend of historical thought that leads to the same goal through different paths.From the perspective of historical development,the difference in"Yunnan Understanding"between the two Records of the Tang Dynasty is an expression of the development of the Chinese Nation's"Diversity and Unity"historiography.At the same time,as part of the development of historiography in ancient Yunnan,their spiritual cores are similar in essence.