张栻人学思想析论

An Analysis of Zhang Shi's Humanistic Thoughts

张栻人学思想体系是对孔孟人道思想的继承与发展,既追求仁者浑然与物同体的天人合一境界,又注重社会现实,主张因天理、合人情。在人学理论方面,张栻以性为宇宙本体,又以太极即性,揭示了人的属性,阐发了万物一原的思想。从虚明知觉之心的心性论角度,既论证了人为万物之灵的独特性,又说明了人具有能动性和可教化性。通过本体论和心性论的建构,张栻对人的本质问题作了思考与探索。在人学价值及其实现方面,张栻倡导明辨义利、居敬务实,既仰慕“孔颜之志”“曾点气象”所蕴圣贤人格,又践行诸葛亮经世济民、恢复中原的儒者精神。张栻人学思想体用分明,内外兼修,具有丰富的借鉴意义与现实价值。

Zhang Shi's humanistic thoughts is the inheritance and development of Confucius and Mencius'humanistic thoughts.It not only pursues the realm of the unity of nature and man in which benevolent people are integrated with things,but also pays attention to social reality and advocates the harmony of nature and human feelings.In terms of humanistic theory,Zhang Shi took disposition as the ontology of the universe and Taiji as disposition,revealing the attributes of human beings and elucidating the idea that all things are one.From the perspective of the mind-disposition theory concerning the mind of empty and bright awareness,it not only demonstrates the uniqueness of man as the spirit of all things,but also explains that man has initiative which shapes the mind through education.Through the construction of ontology and mind-disposition theory,Zhang Shi thinks and explores the issue of human nature.In terms of humanistic value and its realization,Zhang Shi advocates discerning justice and benefit,being respectful and pragmatic.He not only admires the sage personality contained in"Confucius Yan's Ambition"and"Zeng Dian's Spirit",but also practices Zhuge Liang's Confucian spirit of managing of the world,benefiting the people,and restoring the Confucianist spirit of the Central Piains.Zhang Shis thoughts on humanities are clear in theory and application,both internal and external,and have rich significance and practical value.