数字经济发展与技能工资差距:理论与实证

Digital Economy Development and Skilled Wage Gap:Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test

数字经济发展对不同技能水平的劳动者产生差异化影响,技能工资差距因此发生重要变化。在理论方面,构建一个包含数字经济技术特征的生产函数,提出数字经济发展通过行业结构效应和技能提升效应扩大技能工资差距。在实证方面,利用2017年和2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据和各省级行政区宏观数据,考察数字经济发展对技能工资差距的影响。研究表明:(1)已有的技能工资差距较大,但其随时间逐步得到缓解。(2)数字经济发展产生技能工资溢价,其程度与技能水平差距正相关。(3)对外贸易改善技能工资不平等状况。(4)存在相当程度且“顽固”的性别工资差距与合同工资差距。(5)数字经济发展在技能密集型行业和经济发达地区产生更大的技能工资差距。研究为新的经济形态下缩小工资收入差距提供有益启示。

The development of the digital economy has a differentiated impact on workers with differ-ent skill levels,which leads to important changes in the skill wage gap.In the theoretical analysis,this paper constructs a production function with the technical characteristics of the digital economy,and propo-ses that the development of the digital economy expands the skill wage gap through the industry structure effect and skill improvement effect.In the empirical analysis,this paper uses the data of the China House-hold Finance Survey in 2017 and 2019 and the macro data of each provincial administrative region to exam-ine the impact of digital economy development on the skill wage gap.The research conclusions show that:(1)The skill wage gap was large,but it narrowed over time.(2)The development of the digital economy generated a skill wage premium,and its degree was positively correlated with the skill level gap.(3)For-eign trade improved skill wage inequality.(4)There were considerable and stubborn gender wage gap and contract wage gap.(5)The development of the digital economy created a greater skll wage gap in skill-intensive industries and economically developed regions.The research provides useful enlightenment for the realization of wage-income equality under the new economic form.