绿洲灌区不同耕种模式对小麦、玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Patterns on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield ofWheat and Maize in Oasis Irrigation Area

为提出有利于小麦、玉米光合作用与产量形成的耕植模式,在河西走廊绿洲灌区进行田间试验,设置免耕(NT)、传统耕作(CT)两种耕作方式,小麦玉米间作(W/M),小麦后插播冬油菜玉米轮作(W-G→M)、小麦玉米轮作(W→M)3种种植模式,测定不同耕作种植模式下小麦、玉米的光合特性指标、叶绿素含量及产量状况。结果表明,与CT相比,NTW/M小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度较CTW/M分别高出54.96%、1.18%、13.79%;NTW/M玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率较CTW/M分别高出53.19%、25.99%,与轮作相比,NTW/M小麦净光合速率较NTW-G→M、NTW→M分别高出34.81%、32.73%,气孔导度分别高出1.02%,35.62%,蒸腾速率分别高出8.89%、30.92%;与CT相比,NTW/M小麦4叶片、2叶片叶绿素含量较CTW/M分别高出8.93%、3.19%;NTW/M玉米4叶片、2叶片叶绿素含量较CTW/M分别高出20.79%、7.97%,与轮作相比,NTW/M小麦4叶片、2叶片叶绿素含量较NTW-G→M分别高出8.33%、2.10%;NTW/M小麦4叶片、2叶片叶绿素含量较NTW→M分别高出10.33%、12.55%;与CT相比,NTW/M小麦产量较CTW/M高出24.08%;NTW/M玉米产量较CTW/M高出10.16%,与轮作相比,NTW/M小麦产量较NTW-G→M、NTW→M分别高出9.56%、17.07%。因此,NTW/M处理更有利于小麦、玉米进行光合作用实现增产,是河西灌区值得推广的一种耕植模式。

In order to put forward a tillage pattern that is beneficial to the photosynthesis and yield formation of wheat and maize,field experiments were carried out in the oasis irrigation area of Hexi Corridor.Two tillage methods(NT)and conventional tillage(CT)were set up,and three planting modes were wheat and maize intercropping(W/M),winter rape and maize rotation(W-G→M)after wheat interplanting,and wheat-maize rotation(W→M).The photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content and yield of wheat and maize under different tillage patterns were determined.The results showed that compared with CT,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of wheat in NTW/M were 54.96%,1.18%and 13.79%higher than that in CTW/M,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of maize with NTW/M were 53.19%and 25.99%higher than those with CTW/M,respectively.Compared with rotation,the net photosynthetic rate of NTW/M wheat was 34.81%and 32.73%higher than that of NTW-G→M and NTW→M,the stomatal con ductance was 1.02%and 35.62%higher,and the transpiration rate was 8.89%and 30.92%higher than that of NTW/M,respectively.Compared with CT,the chlorophyll content in leaf 4 and leaf 2 of NTW/M was 8.93%and 3.19%higher than that of CTW/M,respectively.The chlorophyll content of maize 4 and maize 2 was 20.79%and 7.97%higher than that of CTW/M,respectively.Compared with rotation,the chlorophyll content of wheat 4 and maize 2 was 8.33%and 2.10%higher than that of NTW-G→M,respectively.Compared with NTW→M,chlorophyll content in 4 and 2 leaves of wheat was 10.33%and 12.55%higher,respectively.Compared with CT,wheat yield of NTW/M was 24.08%higher than that of CTW/M.The maize yield of NTW/M was 10.16%higher than that of CTW/M,and the wheat yield of NTW/M was 9.56%and 17.07%higher than that of NTW-G→M and NTW→M,respectively,compared with rotation.Therefore,NTW/M treatment is more conducive to photosynthesis of wheat and maize to achieve yield increase,which is a tillage pattern worthy of promotion in Hexi irrigation area.