福建省1975—2021年沙门菌血清型分布和表型特征

Distribution and phenotypic characteristics of Salmonella serotype from 1975 to 2021 in Fujian Province

目的回顾分析1975—2021年福建省人源和非人源沙门菌的血清型和表型特征。方法收集1975—2021年福建省内临床、健康从业者、流通生鲜食品和环境中沙门菌株,使用世界卫生组织推荐沙门菌血清分型方法,基于全基因组测序的两种预测软件比对血清型及变种,使用生化组合和飞行质谱辅助鉴定同抗原式、不同菌型或表型变异菌型。结果4693株人源和非人源沙门菌分布于含4个亚种的21个血清群(病人源18个、健康携带源9个、食品源17个、环境源8个);甲型副伤寒、伤寒、肠炎、猪霍乱、鼠伤寒、罗森和斯坦利是30个肠外侵袭血清型中的优势型;除伤寒、甲型副伤寒和乙型副伤寒外的沙门菌血清型有96个(病人源63个、健康携带源51个、食品源60个、环境源20个),临床前10位菌型为鼠伤寒、伤寒、肠炎、德比、斯坦利、甲型副伤寒、鸭、韦太夫雷登、罗森、伦敦;食品源前10位菌型为鸭、德比、鼠伤寒、斯坦利、韦太夫雷登、纽波特、肠炎、汤卜逊、阿贡纳、伦敦;确认14个血清型(包括10个双相菌和4个单相菌)存在单相变种;证实多个血清型存在硫化氢阴性、发酵乳糖或蔗糖、菌落黏液型和产色素型等表型变异现象。结论福建省沙门菌血清型具有生物多样性与多元化特征,侵袭性病例渐以非伤寒沙门菌为优势,实验室应加强沙门菌的单相变种和表型变异的识别能力,并针对生态行为传染病分散暴发疫情的宠物与环境的溯源。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the serotype and phenotype of human and non-human sourced Salmonella from 1975 to 2021 in Fujian Province retrospectively.Methods Salmonella isolates were collected from clinical hospitals,public service employee health,circulating fresh food,and the environment from 1975 to 2021 in Fujian Province,and serotypes and variants were distinguished using WHO-recommended Salmonella serotyping methods.Two prediction software were used based on whole genome sequencing,while the same antigen but different isolates or phenotypic variants were identified using biochemical combinations and MALDI-TOF-MS flight mass spectrometry.Results There were 4693 human-and non-human-sourced Salmonella isolates that contained 21 serogroups of four subspecies(18 from patients,9 from healthy employees,17 from food,and 8 from the environment).Salmonella paratyphoid A,S.typhoid,S.enteritis,S.cholerae,S.typhimurium,S.rosen,and S.stanley were dominant isolates in the 30 total extraintestinal invasive serotypes.There were 96 Salmonella serotypes other than S.typhoid,S.paratyphoid A,and S.paratyphoid B(63 from patients,51 from healthy employees,60 from food,and 20 from the environment),and the top 10 clinical serotypes were S.typhimurium,S.typhoid,S.enteritis,S.derby,S.stanley,S.paratyphoid A,S.anatum,S.wetavreden,S.rosen,and S.london,while the top 10 from food were S.anatum,S.derby,S.typhimurium,S.stanley,S.wetavreden,S.newport,S.enteritis,S.tompson,S.agona,and S.london.Fourteen serotypes(including 10 diphasic serotypes and 4 monophasic serotypes)had monophasic variants.Several serotypes had phenotypic variants such as hydrogen sulfide-negative,fermenter of lactose or sucrose,colony mucus type,and chromogenic type.Conclusion Salmonella are characterized by their biodiversity and multiple sources in Fujian Province.Invasive cases are gradually dominated by non-typhoid Salmonella.Laboratories should enhance their ability to diagnose monophasic variants and phenotypic variants of Salmonella,as well as pet and environmental traceability for scattered outbreaks of infectious diseases.