环境硒含量对湖北恩施初中生近视情况影响的初步研究

Preliminary study on the relationship between environmental selenium content and myopia among junior school students in Enshi,Hubei Province

目的了解环境硒含量与初中生近视情况的相互关系。方法采用随机抽样方法分别抽取恩施州富硒、足硒及缺硒地区初中学生各200名,共600名,检查学生近视情况,检测血硒发硒含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)和血清硒蛋白P(SEPP-1)浓度及居民饮用水和农作物硒含量,进行统计学分析,计量资料两组间均数比较采用正态近似检验z检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,发病率的比较采用卡方检验,相关分析采用Pearson相关检验。结果研究对象包括近视组244例(40.67%)和非近视组356例(59.33%)。200名缺硒地区学生血硒含量为(71.25±10.31)μg/L,发硒含量为(0.56±0.20)μg/g,GSH-Px含量为(85.26±15.16)μ/L,SEPP-1含量为(7.41±1.65)mg/L,近视例数108例;200名足硒地区人群血硒含量为(86.74±11.25)μg/L,发硒含量为(0.72±0.11)μg/g,GSH-Px活力含量为(95.34±13.20)μ/L,SEPP-1含量为(10.25±2.47)mg/L,近视例数87例;200名富硒地区人群血硒含量为(102.31±10.26)μg/L,发硒含量为(0.81±0.12)μg/g,GSH-Px活力含量为(114.65±12.12)μ/L,SEPP-1含量为(12.36±3.25)mg/L,近视例数49例,不同硒含量地区学生血硒,发硒、GSH-Px含量和SEPP-1含量及近视发病率差异均有统计学意义(F=9.65、12.24、10.32、9.41,χ2=28.29,P<0.01)。富硒地区饮用水及农作物硒含量高于足硒及缺硒地区(F=12.35、5.36,P<0.01)。血硒、发硒与近视发病率存在负相关(r=-0.542、-0.621,P<0.05)。结论恩施不同地区环境硒含量越高,初中生近视发病率越低;环境硒与初中生近视的发生呈现一定相关性。

Objective To explore the relationship between environmental selenium content and myopia among junior high school students.Methods A total of 600 junior high school students from selenium-rich,selenium-sufficient,and selenium-deficient areas from Enshi(200 from each area)were randomly selected.The prevalence of myopia,serum selenium,and hair selenium,as well as the glutathioneperoxidase(GSH-Px)and selenoprotein P(SEPP-1)and the selenium distributions of staple crops and drinking water,were determined.The z-test was used to compare continuous data between two groups,a one-way analysis of variance was used to compare continuous data between multiple groups,a chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and the Pearson correlation test was performed to investigate the correlation between selenium and myopia.Results All of the junior school students were divided into myopic(n=244,40.67%)and non-myopic(n=356,59.33%)groups.The levels of serum selenium,hair selenium,GSH-Px,and SEPP-1 in the selenium-deficient areas were significantly lower than those in the selenium-adequate areas and the selenium-rich areas[(71.25±10.31)µg/L vs.(86.74±11.25)µg/L vs.(102.31±10.26)µg/L,(0.56±0.20)µg/g vs.(0.72±0.11)µg/g vs.(0.81±0.12)µg/g,(85.26±15.16)µ/L vs.(95.34±13.20)µ/L vs.(114.65±12.12)µ/L,(7.41±1.65)mg/L vs.(10.25±2.47)mg/L vs.(12.36±3.25)mg/L](F=9.65,12.24,10.32,9.41,P<0.01).Compared with the students in the selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate areas,myopic incidence of students in the selenium-rich areas was significantly reduced(χ2=28.29,P<0.01).The selenium levels of drinking water and staple crops in the selenium-rich areas were significantly higher than those in the selenium-adequate and selenium-deficient areas(F=12.35,5.36,P<0.01).A negative correlation was observed between serum selenium and hair selenium and the myopic incidence(r=-0.542,-0.621,P<0.05).Conclusion The higher the environmental selenium content in different areas of Enshi,the lower was the incidence of myopia in junior middle school students.A certain correlation was observed between selenium and myopia in junior middle school students.