2020—2021年山东省小麦中镉污染状况及健康风险评估

Cadmium pollution status and health risk assessment in wheat in Shandong Province from 2020 to 2021

目的了解山东省16个地市小麦中镉的污染状况,并对其膳食暴露量及健康风险进行评估。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测2020—2021年山东省16个地市小麦中镉含量,结合山东省居民小麦消费量计算镉膳食暴露量,采用安全限值法(MOS)和美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型评价镉引起的健康风险。结果山东省小麦中镉含量的中位数为0.0202 mg/kg,检出率为97.5%;小麦中镉的污染呈现山东省南部及胶东半岛较高,西北部较低的分布;山东省居民每月经小麦摄入镉的平均暴露量为1.80μg/kg·BW,低于每月可耐受摄入量参考值(25μg/kg·BW);通过小麦的镉暴露量的MOS为13.9,风险可以接受;个人致癌平均年风险为0.46×10^(-5)/年,低于国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受年风险水平。结论山东省居民通过小麦摄入镉的健康风险处于可接受水平,但不同地区的小麦污染存在区域差异。

Objective To understand the pollution status of cadmium in wheat in 16 cities of Shandong Province and evaluate its dietary exposure and health risks.Methods Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to detect the cadmium content in wheat in 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2020 to 2021,and the dietary exposure to cadmium was calculated based on the wheat consumption of Shandong residents.The health risks caused by cadmium were evaluated using the margin of safety(MOS)and the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The median of cadmium in wheat was 0.0202 mg/kg,and the detection rate was 97.5%.The cadmium pollution in wheat was higher in southern Shandong Province and Jiaodong Peninsula,and lower in northwestern Shandong Province.The average monthly intake of cadmium from wheat by Shandong residents was 1.80µg/kg·BW,which was less than the reference value of PTMI(25µg/kg·BW).The MOS of cadmium in wheat was 13.9 and the risk was acceptable.The average annual personal cancer risk was 0.46×10^(-5)per year,which was less than the standard of the international commission on radiation protection.Conclusion There are regional differences in wheat pollution in Shandong Province,and the health risk of residents ingesting cadmium through wheat is at an acceptable level.