促进健康饮食行为的助推干预策略:行为公共健康的视角

Behavioral intervention strategies for promoting healthy eating:perspectives from behavioral public health

健康饮食行为是影响个体健康状况的重要生活方式因素之一。由不健康饮食习惯所导致的慢性非传染性疾病(如肥胖、高血压、心血管疾病和糖尿病)已经成为当前中国所面临的重大公共健康挑战之一。为应对这一挑战,《健康中国行动(2019—2030)》在其十五项专项行动中特别提出了“合理膳食行动”。然而,如何让“合理膳食行动”能够落到实处仍然是中国公共健康促进过程中所面临的一项艰巨任务,新兴的行为科学为应对这一挑战提供了新的视角。以行为科学为基础的行为助推干预策略,即在不限制人们自主选择权利的情况下通过情境重塑或选择架构设计让健康饮食行为变得更容易执行、更有吸引力,利用社会情境的影响来促进健康饮食并在适宜的时机来促进健康饮食行为,从而为开发适用于中国文化情境的健康饮食行为助推干预策略提供借鉴。

Healthy eating behavior is one of the leading lifestyle factors that influence people’s health status.Increasing incidents of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity,hypertension,cardiovascular diseases,and diabetes caused by unhealthy eating habits are among the major public health challenges in China.To deal with this challenge,the Healthy China 2030 committee proposed the“Promoting a balanced diet”action as one of the 15 specialized strategies for achieving this goal.However,how to put this initiative into practices reamins a big public health challenge in China.Recent research in behavioral sciences provides valuable insights for dealing with this challenge.Behavioral science-based nudge strategies can promote healthy eating by making healthy eating more convenient and preferrable,promoting healthy eating through social influences,and enhancing healthy eating at the right moment without constraining people's freedom of choosing what to eat.These strategies could inspire the development of culturally appropriate and context-sensitive behavioral nudges to promote healthy eating in China.