PLIBEL和REBA两种方法在木质衣柜生产工人WMSDs评估中的应用研究

Application of PLIBEL and REBA methods in evaluating WMSDs among wooden wardrobe manufacturing operators

目的调查木质衣柜厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)现状及其工效学因素,评估其接触水平与患病风险,为预防和控制该人群WMSDs发生提供依据。方法应用工效学因素识别法(PLIBEL)识别出该木质衣柜厂工人作业活动中存在的不良工效学因素,确定其危害部位,并用全身快速评估法(REBA)法对木质衣柜厂各车间不同工种进行工效学评估和风险等级排序,确定重点危害车间及工种。结果木质衣柜厂工人的背部、肘部及手/腕部是工效学危害重点部位,背部轻微前屈、颈部轻微前屈,颈、肩和上背部及肘、上臂和手部重复性活动、站立工作是作业活动中最常见的不良工效学因素。REBA危险等级评估结果显示,该木质衣柜厂非常高危险等级工种有8个(占44.44%),高危险等级工种有5个(占27.78%),中危险等级工种有2个(占11.11%),低危险等级工种有3个(占16.67%)。结论木质衣柜厂工人WMSDs发生危险以背部、肘部、手/腕部最为突出,主要涉及的不良工效学因素为不良作业姿势和重复性作业。应根据负荷等级原则,加强对以上重点部位存在的工效学危害因素管理与控制,降低工效学负荷水平,减少WMSDs发生。

Objective To explore work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and related ergonomic factors of furniture manufacturing workers,and to assess their exposure levels and risk,providing a basis for preventing and controlling occupational WMSDs.Methods The method for identifying musculoskeletal stress factors(PLIBEL)was utilized to identify unfavorable ergonomic factors from operating activities of workers in the wooden wardrobe factory and determine their hazardous areas.The Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA)method was used to conduct ergonomics assessment and risk level ranking among different types of work in each workshop of the wooden wardrobe factory,for determining the workshops and work types with critical hazards.Results The back,elbows,and hands/wrists of the workers in the wooden wardrobe factory were the key parts of ergonomic hazards.Slight forward flexion of the back,slight forward flexion of the neck,repetitive neck movements,shoulders and upper back,elbows,upper arms and hands,and standing work were the most common adverse ergonomic factors in work activities.The REBA risk level assessment results showed that there were 8 types of work with very high risk,5 types of work with high risk,2 types of work with medium risk,and 3 types of work with low risk.Conclusion The risks of WMSDs in wooden wardrobe factory workers are most prominent in the back,elbows,and hands/wrists,and the main adverse ergonomic factors are award posture and repetitive operations.Therefore,the management and control of the unfavorable ergonomic factors of the parts mentioned above should be strengthened.