职业性噪声接触作业工人心血管及血脂异常的分析

Analysis of cardiovascular and dyslipidemia in workers exposed to occupational noise

目的分析职业性噪声接触对心血管及血脂异常的影响。方法选择包头市某厂2021年度职业健康检查1433人作为研究对象,其中噪声接触组813人,对照组620人;采用问卷调查方法收集一般资料,依据GBZ/T 189.8-2007《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声》检测现场环境噪声,进行血压、血脂及心电图检查;用卡方检验分析接触组与对照组血压、血脂及心电图异常的情况,二分类回归模型分析职业性噪声对心血管及血脂异常的影响。结果接触组工人随着年龄、接噪工龄的增加,高血压患病率不断增加,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=42.656、22.722、4.266,P<0.05);接触组工人随着年龄、接噪工龄的增加,高血脂患病率也在不断增加,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.044、10.696、4.387,P<0.05);经二分类回归模型分析接触噪声是工人高血压患病的危险因素。结论职业性噪声可以增加高血压及高血脂患病风险,接触噪声是高血压患病的危险因素;用人单位应重视噪声工人心血管疾病及血脂异常的发生,保护工人健康。

Objective To analyze the effects of occupational noise exposure on cardiovascular and dyslipidemia of workers.Methods A total of 1433 people from a factory in Baotou city for occupational health examination in 2021were selected as the study subjects,including 813 people in noise(exposure)group and 620 people in control group.General data was collected by questionnaire survey.According to GBZ/T189.8-2007“Measurement of Physical factors in workplace-Part 8:Noise”,to detect the environmental noise.Blood pressure,blood lipid and electrocardiogram were examined.The abnormality of blood pressure,blood lipids and electrocardiogram in exposure group and control group was analyzed by chi-square test.The effects of occupational noise on cardiovascular and dyslipidemia were analyzed by binary regression model.Results The prevalence of hypertension in the exposure group increased with the increase of age,length of service and noise exposure level,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=42.656,22.722,4.266,P<0.05);The prevalence of hyperlipidemia also increased with the increase of age,length of service and noise exposure level in the exposure group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=23.044,10.696,4.387,P<0.05);Exposure to noise is a risk factor for hypertension in workers.Conclusion Occupational noise can increase the risk of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Exposure to noise is a risk factor for hypertension.Employers should pay attention to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and abnormal blood lipid of noise workers to protect workers'health.