智能机器人技术差距与赶超——基于知识产权数据的统计测度

Gap and Catch-up of Intelligent Robot Technology:Statistical Measurement Based on Intellectual Property Data

智能机器人日益深刻地影响人类生产生活和创新范式,成为各国争创未来新优势的核心领域。新科技革命开启了后发经济体实现智能机器人技术赶超的机会窗口,中国积极响应,提出科技创新由跟跑向并跑、领跑转型的新赶超战略。要有效实施新赶超战略,一个重要前提是科学测度和动态跟踪智能机器人领域主要竞争者之间的技术差距,以优化创新路线,跨越“中等技术陷阱”。基于论文影响力和专利影响力等知识产权数据的统计测度结果表明,中国与美国、欧盟、日本和韩国之间的智能机器人技术差距已收敛至10%的狭窄区间内,超越与反超越反复换位,呈现并跑阶段的典型特征;中国在论文总量、高被引论文和专利数量上都具有压倒性优势;但整体而言,中国专利申请多、授权少;中国专利国内外布局结构缺乏国际竞争力;中国进入世界智能机器人专利前十位的机构均为大学,缺乏抗衡国际领跑四大家族的龙头企业;关键核心技术软硬件和操作系统仍受制于人。

Intelligent robots are increasingly and profoundly influencing human production,life,and innovation paradigms,becoming the core area for countries to strive for new advantages in the future.The new technological revolution has opened a window of opportunity for late-coming e-conomies to catch up with the intelligent robot technology.China has actively responded and pro-posed a new catch-up strategy of transforming technological innovation towards parallel and leading advancements.To effectively implement the new catch-up strategy,an important prerequisite is to sci-entifically measure and dynamically track the technological gap between the main competitors in the field of intelligent robots,so as to optimize the innovation routes and overcome the"medium tech-nology trap".The statistical measurement results based on the intellectual property data such as paper influence and patent influence show that the gap in intelligent robot technology between China and the United States,the European Union,Japan,and South Korea has converged to a narrow range of 10%,with overtaking and anti-overtaking repeatedly shifting positions,presenting the typical character-istics of the parallel running stages.China has overwhelming advantages in the total number of pa-pers,highly cited papers,and the number of patents.But on the whole,China has more patent appli-cations and fewer authorizations.The domestic and international layout structure of China's patents lack international competitiveness.China's top ten institutions for intelligent robot patents in the world are all universities,lacking leading enterprises that can compete with the four leading interna-tional families.The key and core technologies,software,hardware,and operating systems are still sub-ject to the control of other countries.