国家审计能缩小企业内部收入差距吗——基于共同富裕的视角

Can State Audit Narrow the Internal Income Gap of Enterprises:From the Perspective of Common Prosperity

实现全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征之一。企业是初次分配的主体,因此,优化企业内部收入分配对于实现共同富裕十分重要。以2008—2018年A股央企上市公司为样本,考察了国家审计对企业内部收入分配的影响。研究表明,国家审计能提升央企上市公司的平均薪酬和普通员工的平均薪酬,但对高管薪酬无显著影响。机制分析表明,国家审计能改善央企上市公司的经营效率和信息透明度,从而能提升其平均薪酬和普通员工的平均薪酬。进一步研究发现,国家审计能降低高管的在职消费和缩小企业的内部收入差距;多次审计能增强国家审计对央企上市公司平均薪酬和普通员工平均薪酬的提升作用。异质性分析发现,在垄断行业、独董履职地点一致和机构投资者持股比例较多的央企上市公司中,国家审计对央企上市公司的平均薪酬和普通员工的平均薪酬的提升作用更显著。因此,要进一步强化国家审计在监督和优化企业内部收入分配中的重要作用,以合理有序的分配格局助力共同富裕。

Achieving common prosperity for all the people is one of the important features of China's modernization.Enterprises are the main body of initial distribution,therefore,optimizing the internal income distribution is crucial for achieving common prosperity.Taking the A-share listed companies of state-owned enterprise from 2008 to 2018 as the samples,this study examines the im-pact of state audit on the internal income distribution of enterprises.The findings show that state au-dit can improve the average salary of the central government-owned listed companies and the ordinary employees,but has no significant impact on the executive compensation.The mechanism analysis re-veals that state audit can improve the operational efficiency and information transparency of the cen-tral government-owned listed companies,thereby increasing their average salary and that of the ordi-nary employees.Further research has found that state audit can reduce the on-the-job consumption of executives and narrow the internal income gap of enterprises.Multiple audits can enhance the promo-tion effect of national audits on the average salary of the central government-owned listed companies and the ordinary employees.The heterogeneity analysis reveals that in the central government-owned listed companies which are in the monopolistic industries,with independent directors at consistent per-formance locations,and with a higher proportion of share-holding by institutional investors,the pro-motion effect of state audit on the average salary of the central government-owned listed companies and the average salary of ordinary employees is more significant.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen the important role of national auditing in supervising and optimizing the internal income distribution of enterprises,so as to promote common prosperity with a reasonable and orderly distribu-tion pattern.