轨道交通TOD模式对站点空气质量的影响及规划策略研究——以武汉市为例

Research on the Impact of Rail Transit TOD on Station Air Quality and Planning Strategies:A Case Study of Wuhan

在生态文明建设背景下,随着绿色TOD模式研究的不断推进,学者们对轨道交通是否能改善城市空气质量展开了广泛探讨。该类研究主要以城市或区域等宏观尺度为对象,而忽略了轨道交通对沿线及站点等微观地区的影响。文章以武汉市6条轨道交通线路的站点为例,评估轨道交通对站点空气质量的影响,并探讨TOD模式指标对空气质量的影响机制,提出改善空气质量的TOD模式优化策略。结果发现,轨道交通对多数站点空气质量有显著的改善作用,但不同站点间的影响差异较大。站点地区的工业用地占比、绿地与水域占比、土地混合度、容积率等因素与空气质量具有相关性。高水平的土地混合,可提升土地利用效率,改善空气质量;开发集聚度越高,城市越紧凑,空气污染改善越明显;合理的交通接驳方式,减少了机动车尾气排放,可改善空气质量。因此,应通过高水平的土地混合、紧凑的空间形态、完善交通接驳等措施,优化轨道交通TOD建设,提升对空气质量的改善效果。

In the context of ecological civilization construction,with the continuous advancement of green TOD research,scholars have widely discussed whether rail transit can improve air quality.This type of research mainly focuses on macro-scales such as cities or regions,while ignoring the impact on microregions such as lines and stations.Taking the stations of six lines in Wuhan as examples,the article evaluates the impact of rail transit on station air quality,discusses the impact mechanism of various TOD elements on air quality,and proposes an optimization strategy for TOD to improve air quality.The results indicate that rail transit significantly improves the air quality in most stations,but the impact varies greatly among different stations.Factors such as the proportion of industrial land,the proportion of green space and water,the degree of land mixing,and the floor area ratio in the site area are related to the impact of air quality.A high level of land mixing can improve land use efficiency and improve air quality;the higher the development concentration,the more compact the city,and the more obvious the improvement of air pollution;the reasonable transportation connection methods reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and improve the air environment.Therefore,the TOD construction of rail transit should be optimized through measures such as high-level land mix,compact space form,and perfect transportation connection,so as to improve air quality.