基于社交行为的“老漂族”城市融入研究——以合肥市为例

Research on the Urban Integration of "Old Drifters" Based on Social Behavior:A Case Study of Hefei

随着新型城镇化的推进和人口老龄化的加速,部分老年流动人口的城市融入问题已成为地理学、社会学关注的热点之一。文章基于问卷调查获取合肥市“老漂族”社交行为特征及城市融入状况的数据,同时结合多元线性回归模型分析了他们的城市融入水平及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)合肥市“老漂族”以省内流入为主,来源地呈现地理空间上的邻近性且受迁出地人口数的影响。(2)“老漂族”依旧以原有的社交网络为主,新的社交网络并未完全建立,但社交总体情况满意。从不同类型来看,城城型较乡城型的城市融入状况更好,乡城型群体对原住地的依恋情感更为强烈,且在融入感知方面乡城型比城城型更多地感受到本地人对外地人不够友善。(3)综合“老漂族”融入意愿水平发现“,愿意和本地人做朋友”比“愿意融入本地,成为本地的一员”的意愿高;“老漂族”对本地人是否持友好态度的感知总体表现较好;不过在融入现状中,相比于认同“自己已成为本地人”“老漂族”更认同“自己还是老家人”。(4)通过多元线性回归分析发现,职业、个人月收入、是否愿意与本地人做朋友、在合肥的交友目的对“老漂族”的城市融入各方面(融入意愿、融入感知、融入现状)都具有较为明显的影响,其中乡城型群体的融入感知和融入现状水平不如城城型,且存在明显的消极融入现状。研究结论能够引导城市公共政策关注“老漂族”群体,对促进社会公平、改善“老漂族”生活质量等具有重要的参考意义。

With the advancement of new urbanization and the acceleration of population aging,the urban integration of "old drifters" has become one of the hotspots in both fields of geography and sociology.Based on questionnaire surveys and the data of social behavior characteristics and urban integration status of "old drifters" that have been obtained in Hefei,this paper focuses on analyzing both level and influencing factors of old drifters' urban integration along with multiple linear regression model.The results show that:(1)old drifters in Hefei are mainly the group of Intra-province mobility.The places they live originally show geographical proximity to Hefei and the migration scale of "old drifters" is affected by the number of people living in their emigration area.(2) Social connections of the old drifters are still dominated by their original social networks,while their new social networks have not been fully established,but they seem to be satisfied with their current social contacts overall.Judging from different types,old drifters from urban places have higher willingness level of integration than those from rural places,and the later sense more sentimental attachment to the original residence.When speaking of the sense of perception,the rural drifters feel less discomfortable with local people than the urban drifters feel.(3)After comprehensive analysis of the willingness level of integration,we find that old drifters in Hefei are more "willing to make friends with local people" than "willing to integrate in or to be one of the local people".It also shows that main drifters seem to sense people around are kind to them.But in the aspect of their present situation of integration,old drifters appear to agree the sentence "I am still an outsider" when compared with the recognition of "I have become a local".(4) Through the analysis of multiple linear regression,it finds that factors like occupation,personal monthly income,willingness to make friends with local people and the purpose of making friends in Hefei have a significant impact on all aspects of the urban integration of "old drifters"(integration willingness,integration perception and integration status).Among them,"old drifters" from rural places have the lower level than urban groups when it comes to the integration perception and integration status.There is also an obvious negative level in rural groups when speaking to integration.In conclusion,our findings will not only guide policymakers to pay due attention to "old drifters",but also have great significance for promoting social equity and improving the quality of lives for old drifters".