汉语特指问不同回应形式的话语功能及分布差异

Response forms of specifying questions in Chinese

特指问区别于讲述问,汉语中正面回应特指问有三种形式:名词性零句、动词性零句、主谓整句,其话语功能各不相同,在语料中呈现对应的分布差异。名词性零句仅用于填补特指问所寻求的焦点信息,不附加额外的信息表达需求,是对源话语视角框架的整体顺应;动词性零句在回应特指问所寻求的焦点信息之外,还对该焦点信息予以强调和辨别,是对源话语视角框架的局部凸显;主谓整句在回应特指问所寻求的焦点信息之外,还对相关话题进行重述,构建自我话语,是对源话语视角框架的前提转换。本文对日常面谈语料、电话对谈语料、媒体对谈语料中三种回应形式的分析和统计结果能够佐证这一结论。

There are three forms of direct response to specifying questions in Chinese:nominal minor sentence,verbal minor sentence,and subject-predicate sentence,which have different discourse functions and corresponding distribution differences.The nominal minor sentence is adaptation to the perspective framework of the source discourse,which is used to directly respond to the focus information sought by the specifying question,without requirements for additional information expression.The verbal minor sentence is used to highlight part of the perspective framework of the source discourse.In addition to responding to the focus information sought by the specifying question,it also emphasizes or distinguishes the focus information.The subject-predicate sentence is used to transform the premise of the perspective framework.Besides responding to the focus information,it also restates the relevant topic and constructs its own discourse.The conclusion is supported by the analysis and statistical results of the three response forms in the daily face-to-face conversation corpus,telephone conversation corpus,and TV talkshow corpus.