装配式建筑结构顶升逆作法原理与技术发展

Principle and technical development of jacking reverse construction for prefabricated building structures

顶升逆作法综合了顶升和逆作法两种技术的不同特性,是一种在邻近地面对建筑逐层建造并逐层顶升的新型建造工艺。通过对顶升各阶段的原理分析,结合强时变结构特点,对顶升点选择等关键技术进行研究,分析了竖向顶升位移不同步工况下的结构受力机理,厘清了装配式建筑结构顶升逆作法的受力特点,梳理了现有的相关配套技术,指出了目前装配式建筑结构顶升逆作法待解决的技术难题。针对新型建造工艺的强时变特征,提出了结合数字孪生和人工智能两种技术进行智能调控的发展趋势,构建了面向减碳优化的综合目标函数,并通过算例证明合理的顶升方案对减少建造阶段构件内力的作用。结果表明:依托装配式建筑结构顶升逆作法原理,采用机械化施工取代人工作业、大重量顶升替换高空吊运,减少设备的层间转运和材料的竖向运输,能够在提高施工建造效率的同时,将工艺流程控制在临近地面的有效高度范围内,有望降低环境影响、减少碳排放、提高建筑结构在未来服役末期的资源化可行性,助力建筑业绿色低碳发展。

The jacking reverse construction is a new construction process that integrates different characteristics of the jacking and the reverse construction,which constructs and jacks the building storey by storey near the ground.Through the principle analysis of each jacking stage,the key technologies such as the selection of the jacking point were studied in combination with the characteristics of the strong time-dependent structure.The mechanical mechanism of the structure under asynchronous vertical jacking displacement conditions was analyzed,thus the force characteristics of the jacking reverse construction for prefabricated building structures was clarified.The existing related supporting construction technologies were sorted out,then the current technical problems of the jacking reverse construction for prefabricated building structures were pointed out.For the strong time-dependent characteristics of this new construction process,the development trend of combining digital twin and artificial intelligence technology to achieve intelligent control was proposed.A comprehensive objective function for carbon reduction optimization was established,and was proved that reasonable jacking schemes will reduce the internal forces of components during the construction phase through an example.The results show that,based on the principle of jacking reverse construction for prefabricated building structures,mechanized construction is adopted to replace manual operation and heavy lifting is adopted to replace high-altitude lifting,so as to reduce the inter storey transfer of equipment and vertical transportation of materials.The construction efficiency can be improved and the process flow will be controlled within the effective height range near the ground at the same time,which is expected to reduce environmental impact and carbon emissions,improve the resource utilization feasibility of the building structure at the end of its service in the future and promote the green and low-carbon development of the construction industry.