汉语语义聚合与用字演变关系析论

An Analysis of the Relationship between Semantic Aggregation of Chinese Words and the Evolution of Chinese Characters

汉语语义聚合对用字演变产生了重要影响,语义聚合内一个词语的用字演变规律可能扩散到与之相关的其他词语身上,带动后者的用字也沿着类似或相关的轨迹演变,从而使它们的用字呈现同步演变的趋势。在义符选取方面,语义聚合内的不同词语通过增旁衍化、换旁转化、简省同化、类推泛化、对立选取等途径选择相同或相关的义符组合新字,体现类属意义或同义、反义关系。在字符结构方面,为体现语义聚合内不同词语的意义关联,它们的用字结构有朝着构件布局的二合化、结构功能的音义化、歧异用字的整齐化和用字更替的同步化等多方面的演变趋势。在字词对应系统方面,语义聚合关系推动用字的群组发展,增强不同用字的字际关联,建立字词的系统对应关系,促进了汉字的系统化和有序化发展。

Semantic aggregation has an important influence on the evolution of characters’use.The rule of characters evolution for a word in semantic aggregation may spread to other words related to it,driving the latter's characters evolution along similar trajectories,and hence their characters evolution trends.In terms of sememe selection,different words in semantic aggregation can be used to select new characters with the same sememe combination by means of addition,change,assimilation,analogy,and inverse selection to reflect generic meaning or the relation of synonymy and antithesis.In terms of character structure,in order to reflect the meaning of different words in semantic aggregation,their character structure has a tendency to develop towards two-component,pictophonetic,regularization,and synchronization.In terms of word systems,semantic aggregation promotes the group development of Chinese characters,strengthens the inter-word association of different characters,establishes a systematic correspondence between characters and words,and promotes the systematic and orderly development of Chinese characters.