鄂尔多斯盆地东部上石炭统铝土岩系储集层特征及形成模式

Reservoir characteristics and formation model of Upper Carboniferous bauxite series in eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

基于岩心观察、岩石薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、低温气体吸附和等温吸附等实验,分析鄂尔多斯盆地东部上石炭统铝土岩系岩性和孔隙特征,以揭示铝土岩系储集层形成演化过程。研究表明:(1)提出以铝的氢氧化物、铁矿物和黏土矿物三单元的铝土岩系岩石学命名分类方案;(2)铝质泥岩产状主要为致密块状和碎屑状,(泥质)铝土岩多呈致密块状、豆状、鲕状、多孔土状和碎屑状,溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微裂缝是主要储气空间,孔隙度一般小于10%,以介孔为主;(3)华北地区铝土岩系纵向上总体上可分为5段,即铁岩(山西式铁矿,A段)、铝质泥岩(B段)、铝土岩(C段)、铝质泥岩(含碎屑)(D段)和暗色泥岩-煤岩段(E段);(4)在岩溶平台、缓坡和洼地分别发育潜穴/漏斗状、透镜状、层状/块状铝土岩沉积,岩溶平台及缓坡处有利于地表水淋滤,岩溶改造作用强,孔隙发育,储集层厚度大且物性好,但连贯性差,低洼处物性较差但储集层相对连续稳定。铝土岩天然气富集受源岩-储集层-裂缝综合控制,相关认识可为该层段和类似铝土岩系天然气勘探开发提供地质依据。

Through core observation,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and isothermal adsorption experiments,the lithology and pore characteristics of the Upper Carboniferous bauxite series in eastern Ordos Basin were analyzed to reveal the formation and evolution process of the bauxite reservoirs.A petrological nomenclature and classification scheme for bauxitic rocks based on three units(aluminum hydroxides,iron minerals and clay minerals)is proposed.It is found that bauxitic mudstone is in the form of dense massive and clastic structures,while the(argillaceous)bauxite is of dense massive,pisolite,oolite,porous soil and clastic structures.Both bauxitic mudstone and bauxite reservoirs develop dissolution pores,intercrystalline pores,and microfractures as the dominant gas storage space,with the porosity less than 10%and mesopores in dominance.The bauxite series in the North China Craton,which can be divided into five sections,i.e.,ferrilite(Shanxi-style iron ore,section A),bauxitic mudstone(section B),bauxite(section C),bauxite mudstone(debris-containing,section D)and dark mudstone-coal section(section E).The burrow/funnel filling,lenticular,layered/massive bauxite deposits occur separately in the karst platforms,gentle slopes and low-lying areas.The karst platforms and gentle slopes are conducive to surface water leaching,with strong karstification,well-developed pores,large reservoir thickness and good physical properties,but poor strata continuity.The low-lying areas have poor physical properties but relatively continuous and stable reservoirs.The gas enrichment in bauxites is jointly controlled by source rock,reservoir rock and fractures.This recognition provides a reference for the exploration and development of natural gas in the Upper Carboniferous in the study area and similar bauxite systems.