城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中颗粒物排放与控制研究进展

Research Progress of Particulate Matter Emission and Control During Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

随着我国经济的快速发展、城市化和工业化进程的快速推进,我国城市生活垃圾(MSW)清运总量急剧增加,生活垃圾焚烧发电技术快速发展。垃圾焚烧过程中会不可避免地产生大气污染物,其中,颗粒物易富集重金属、多环芳烃等对人体有致癌致突变作用的污染物,危害巨大。尽管我国对固定源颗粒物排放实施了严格的监管限制,但颗粒物(PM)排放仍然是大多数工业发达城市地区空气污染的主要原因。针对城市垃圾焚烧过程中颗粒物的排放问题,系统地综述了颗粒物的采样分析方法、形成机理和排放特征,介绍了垃圾焚烧颗粒物排放强化控制技术。最后,提出一些针对垃圾焚烧过程中颗粒物排放的防治建议,以提高我国未来的城市生活垃圾无害化处置能力。

With the rapid development of China’s economy,the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization,the total amount of municipal solid waste(MSW)removal has increased sharply,and the technology of solid waste incineration and power generation has developed rapidly.In the process of waste incineration,air pollutants will inevitably be produced,among which,particulate matter is easy to enrich heavy metals,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants that have carcinogenic mutagenicity on human body,which is a great harm.Despite strict regulatory limits on particulate matter emissions fixed source in China,particulate matter(PM)emissions are still the main cause of air pollution in most industrially developed urban areas.This paper systematically reviews the sampling and analysis methods,formation mechanisms and emission characteristics of particulate matter in the process of MSW incineration,and then introduces the enhanced control technology of particulate matter emission from waste incineration.Finally,the paper provides recommendations for preventing and controlling particulate matter emissions during waste incineration to improve China’s harmless disposal capacity of municipal solid wast in the future.