论行政相对人的数据权

On the Data Rights of Administrative Counterpart

社会个体的数据权近年来成为学界关注的热点,但从行政法视角来观察行政相对人数据权还有着较大空间而且有其特殊意义,因为,行政相对人数据权不仅使得传统行政法关系的特性发生了质的变化,更是对整个行政过程产生了巨大冲击。它使得私权体系得以拓展、行政法治趋于动态化、行政过程为算法所充斥、权利保障更加标准化。如何保障相对人合理享用数据权,避免数据权的滥用和乱用,应当是目前行政法上要解决的重点问题。对此,必须制定行政相对人数据及数据权保护的行政法规范;建构独立于常规行政执法的行政相对人信息及信息权管控机制;强化行政主体的给付意识,拓展行政相对人数据权;运用行政制裁保护行政相对人数据权。

The data right of social individual has become the focus of academic attention in recent years,but it is of great space and special significance to observe the data right of administrative counterpart from the perspective of administrative law because the data right of administrative counterpart not only makes a qualitative change in the characteristics of the traditional administrative law relationship,but also has a great impact on the whole administrative process.It makes the private right system to be expanded,the administrative rule of law tends to be dynamic,the administrative process is full of algorithms,and the protection of rights is more standardized.How to protect the administrative counterpart to enjoy the data right reasonably and avoid the abuse and misuse of the data right should be the key problem to be solved in the current administrative law.To this end,we must formulate administrative law norms for the protection of administrative counterpart data and data rights,construct the administrative counterpart information and information right control mechanism independent of conventional administrative law enforcement,strengthen the administrative subject's sense of payment and expand the administrative counterpart data rights and use administrative sanctions to protect administrative counterpart data rights.