时变与理论:全面抗战前后的《孙子兵法》研究

Time Changes and Theory:A Study of The Art of War before and after the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

自近代中国传统兵学向现代军事学转型以来,对于《孙子兵法》的研究一直处于不断的探索中。1937年全面抗战爆发之前,随着中日关系形势日趋紧张,时人在严峻的时局刺激下,开始从以《孙子兵法》为代表的中国古典兵学中汲取资源,构筑中国本土的现代军事学理论。在敌强我弱的现实境况下,采取逆向思维的方式,将《孙子兵法》中“兵闻拙速”的思想加以创造性转化,着重阐发其对立面“久则钝兵挫锐”,从而提出持久战的思想。其中,毛泽东的《论持久战》是杰出的代表。概而言之,全面抗战的战争实践为《孙子兵法》注入了鲜活的生命力,也映衬出其独特的时代价值,这也直接促进了此一时期《孙子兵法》研究的复兴,反映出时代变局对中国现代军事学理论的催生作用。

Since the transition of traditional Chinese military science to modern military science,the research on The Art of War has been constantly exploring.Before the outbreak of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War in 1937,with the increasingly tense situation of Sino-Japanese relations and under the stimulation of the severe situation,the people of that time began to draw resources from classical Chinese military science represented by The Art of War and construct modern military theory of China.In the current situation that the enemy is strong,the people adopt a reverse thinking approach to creatively transform the idea of“pursuing speed in military operations”in The Art of War,focusing on elucidating its opposite,that is,“delaying for a long time will make soldiers tired and their morale damaged”,and thus proposing the idea of protracted war.Among them,Mao Zedong’s“On Protracted War”is an outstanding representative.In summary,the practice of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War injected fresh vitality into The Art of War,reflecting its unique historical value.This directly promoted the revival of research on The Art of War during this period,reflecting the role of the changing times in giving birth to modern military theory of China.