畲族传统体育发展的现状、困境及出路——基于福鼎硖门畲族乡的个案调查

Research on the Present Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Traditional Sports of She Minority Nationality——a Case Survey Based on Xiamen She Minority Nationality Township of Fuding

畲族传统体育是畲族人身体活动的一种实践方式,关注畲族传统体育有助于“和谐社会”的构建及“乡村振兴战略”的实施。采用深度访谈、实地调查、逻辑分析等方法对福鼎硖门畲族乡传统体育发展的现状、困境及出路进行研究。研究发现:硖门畲族乡9个行政村中仍有传承传统体育的村落只有3个,保存下来的传统体育项目仅剩5项;项目举办的形式多与节日庆典、体育旅游和学校运动会相融合。研究发现,畲族传统体育发展的主要困境在于,政府对于举办传统体育活动的宣传和经费支持以及对于传承人的经济补贴力度不够;硖门畲族人生活环境改变,畲族文化归属感不强;经济发展较为落后,适宜继承人数锐减;传承人思维认知有限、价值理念存在冲突等。据此,提出加强畲族传统体育宣传和保护工作、开发畲族传统体育文化旅游资源、促进畲族传统体育与传统节日深度融合、利用学校资源拓宽畲族传统体育发展空间4个相应的解决路径,旨为更快、更好地促进当代畲族传统体育的发展。

Traditional sports of She Minority nationality is a practical way of physical activity of She Minority nationality.Paying attention to traditional sports of She Minority nationality is helpful to the construction of“harmonious society”and the realization of“rural revitalization strategy”.By means of in-depth interview and on-the-spot investigation,this paper studies the current situation,predicament and outlet of the development of traditional sports in Xiamen’s She Minority nationality township of Fuding.It is known that there are still only three villages inheriting traditional sports in the nine administrative villages of She Minority nationality township in Xiamen,and only five traditional sports items are preserved;the forms of the projects are mostly integrated with festivals,sports tourism and school sports meetings.The study found that the main dilemma restricting the development of She Minority traditional sports is that the government’s publicity and financial support for holding traditional sports activities and the economic subsidies for inheritors are not enough;The living environment of the She Minority nationality in Xiamen has changed,and the sense of belonging to She Minority nationality culture is not strong;The economic development is relatively backward,and the number of suitable inheritors has sharply decreased;Inheritors have limited cognitive thinking and conflicting values,etc.Accordingly,four corresponding solutions of strengthen the promotion and protection of She Minority traditional sports,develop She Minority traditional sports cultural tourism resources,promote the deep integration of She Minority traditional sports and traditional festivals,and utilize school resources to expand the development space of She Minority traditional sports are put forward in order to faster and better promote the development of contemporary She Minority traditional sports.