漳腊淘金记:民国时期川西北的财富、生计与冒险

Gold Rush of Lcang la:Wealth,Livelihood,and Adventure in Northwest Sichuan during the Republic of China

漳腊金矿的兴办是权力与资本交互影响的结果。民国初年,各路军阀先后主导着漳腊矿权,竞相逐利。防区制终结后,漳腊金矿改由四川省政府经营。随着全面抗战的爆发,国民政府加强了对四川资源的调控,国家资本介入漳腊金矿。槽户制是漳腊金矿的基本组织形式,漳腊私人采金的发达与该制度有密切关系,槽户制的盛行导致政府统制黄金生产、流通的目标难以达成。漳腊金矿的收益主要归军阀、资本家、官僚豪绅、金商等势力所有,多数金夫子并未实现财富梦想。金矿业催生了金河坝市场的畸形繁荣,促进了漳腊与内地的交往交流。同时,漳腊矿区的诸多乱象,也反映了矿区社会与当地民众之间存在着张力。

The extraction of Lcang la(漳腊)gold deposits was the result of the interaction between the power and capital.In the early years of the Republic of China,various warlords successively dominated the Lcang la mining rights and competed for profits.After the end of the defence area system,Lcang la gold deposits were operated by the Sichuan provincial government.With the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the national government strengthened the control of resources in Sichuan,and the state capital intervened in Lcang la gold deposits.The holders of mineshafts system was the main organizational form of Lcang la gold deposits.The development of private gold mining in Lcang la was closely related to this system.The holders of mineshafts system also made it difficult for the government to control the production and circulation of gold.The profits of Lcang la gold deposits belonged to the warlords,capitalists,bureaucrats,gold merchants,etc,and most of the gold miners(金夫子)did not realized their dreams of wealth.The gold mining industry had brought about the abnormal prosperity of Gser rko(金河坝)market and promoted the communication between Lcang la and the mainland.At the same time,there was tension between Lcang la gold ore area and the local people due to the chaos.