数字技术、精神政治与权力治理的辩证法——韩炳哲数字精神政治思想管窥

Dialectics of Digital Technology,Spiritual Politics,and Power Governance——An Exploration of Byung-Chul Han’s Digital Psychopolitics Thought

韩炳哲通过揭橥数字时代精神权力的运作机制及功绩主体的生存境况,形成了数字精神政治思想。他宣称福柯、阿甘本等人建构的生命政治,无法接榫功绩社会的运行规则,因而必然走向“终结”,被数字精神政治代替。作为新自由主义权力治理术,数字精神政治凭依数字技术操控人的精神高地,以一种肯定、温柔的方式形塑功绩社会的文化情境,诱使功绩主体浸润在形式自由、情绪释放、精神感化、游戏体验的虚幻幸福中,忘却资本的奴役和物化,反而聚焦自身,主动优化自我,最终形成自我剥削。针对数字精神政治的全面渗透,韩炳哲提供了走向他者、去心理化和回归“痴傻”等柔性抵抗技术。韩炳哲数字精神政治思想从精神哲学的高度,提供了当代资本主义批判的重要智识来源,但仍存在主观主义、非批判的人本主义等缺陷,亟需以唯物史观和马克思主义政治经济学批判的理论武器予以回应和拨正。

Byung-Chul Han formed the digital psychopolitics thought by revealing the operation mechanism of spiritual power in the digital age and the living conditions of the meritorious subjects.He claimed that the biopol-itics constructed by Foucault,Agamben and others could not align with the operating rules of meritorious societ-ies,and therefore would inevitably come to an end,being replaced by digital psychopolitics.By manipulating the spiritual highlands of human beings with digital technology,digital psychopolitics shapes the cultural scene of meritorious society in a positive and gentle way,induces meritorious subjects to immerse themselves in the illus-ory happiness of formal freedom,emotional release,spiritual influence and gaming experience,and to forget the enslavement and materialization of capitaland focus on themselves,actively optimizing themselves and ulti-mately forming self-exploitation.In response to the comprehensive penetration of digital psychopolitics,Byung-Chul Han provides flexible resistance technologies such as moving towards the other,depsychologizing and re-turning to“foolishness”.Byung-Chul Han’s digital psychopolitics thought provides an important intellectual source for the critique of contemporary capitalism from the perspective of spiritual philosophy,but it still suffers from the defects of subjectivism and uncritical humanism,which urgently need to be responded and corrected with the theoretical weapons of historical materialism and the critique of Marx’s politic.