‘泉薯5号’马铃薯生长发育动态研究

Study on the Growth and Development Dynamics of Potato‘Quanshu 5'

【目的】为了探明加工型马铃薯新品种‘泉薯5号’的增产机理,掌握该品种的生长发育规律,充分发掘它的产量潜力。【方法】2023年春季在福建省德化县以泉薯5号和‘紫花851’两个中熟品种的脱毒一级良种为试材,定期调查两个品种的生育期、茎叶和鲜干重、叶面积和产量,测算与比较二者的地上部茎叶增长速率、地下部块茎膨大速率、叶面积系数和T/R值等生理指标,开展马铃薯生长发育动态研究。【结果】泉薯5号前中期的块茎形成偏迟,块茎膨大速率较低;后期茎叶衰退较慢,同化产物向下转运加快,块茎膨大速度迅速,块茎重占总干重高于紫花851,这是泉薯5号产量高的生理基础。【结论】生产上可以采取农艺措施促使泉薯5号在前期的茎叶生长高峰期提前出现,在后期保持适宜的茎叶鲜重,使其块茎保持较高的膨大速率,以争取更高的产量。

[Objective] In order to investigate the mechanism of increasing yield of new processed potato‘Quanshu 5'master the growth and development law of this variety,and fully explore its yield potential.[Method]In the spring of 2023,virus-free first-grade seed potato of“Quanshu 5”and‘Zihua 851'were used as test materials in Dehua County,Fujian Province to investigate their growth period,fresh and dry weight of stem and leaf,leaf area and yield and to measure and calculate physiological index such as growth rate of stem and leaf of above ground part,tuber expansion rate of below ground part,leaf area coefficient and T/R value of the two varieties regularly.[Result]The tuber formation of“Quanshu 5”was late,and the tuber expansion rate was lower in the early and middle period than that of Zihua 851'.In the later period,the stem and leaf decay was slower,the downward transport of assimilated products was accelerated,the tuber expansion rate was rapid,and the ratio of tuber weight to the total dry weight was higher than that of‘Zihua 851',which was the physiological basis for the higher yield of“Quanshu 5”.[Conclusion]Agronomic measures should be taken to promote the early growth peak of stems and leaves of‘Quanshu 5',maintain the appropriate fresh weight of stems and leaves in the late period,and maintain a higher expansion rate of tubers,so as to obtain a higher yield.