劳动参与对老年多维贫困的影响研究——基于CLHLS追踪数据的实证分析

The Effect of Labor Force Participation on Multidimensional Poverty among the Elderly:An Empirical Analysis Based on CLHLS Tracking Data

劳动参与是影响老年多维贫困的重要因素。基于2014年和2018年的CLHLS数据,运用A-F多维贫困模型和PSM-Logit模型实证分析我国老年多维贫困情况以及劳动参与对老年多维贫困的影响机制和城乡差异。研究发现:我国老年多维贫困发生率逐步降低,但健康贫困和社会贫困发生率有所上涨。劳动参与显著降低了老年多维贫困发生率及贫困深度,劳动参与对不同维度贫困的影响存在差异,劳动参与的影响效果存在城乡差异,工作性质和家庭代际支持是造成劳动参与对老年多维贫困的差异影响的关键因素。据此,建议倡导积极老龄化,完善老年就业服务体系,优化灵活就业劳动关系及收入分配机制,带动社会组织参与老年就业帮扶,以此促进老年劳动参与,提升老年群体生活质量。

Labor force participation is an important factor affecting the multidimensional poverty of the elderly.Based on the tracking data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study(CLHLS)in 2014 and 2018,this paper uses the A-F multidimensional poverty model and the PSM-Logit model to empirically analyze the multidimensional poverty of the elderly in China,as well as the mechanism and urban-rural differences of the influence of labor force participation on the multidimensional poverty of the elderly.The results show that the incidence of multidimensional poverty among the elderly in China is gradually decreasing,but the incidence of health poverty and social poverty is increasing.Labor force participation significantly reduces the incidence and depth of multidimensional poverty among the elderly.There are differences in the impact of labor force participation on different dimensions of poverty,and the impact of labor force participation differs between urban and rural areas.Work characteristics and intergenerational families are the key factors contributing to the differences in the impact of labor force participation on multidimensional poverty among the elderly.Therefore,an active aging model should be further promoted,the employment service system for the elderly should be improved,flexible labor relations and income distribution mechanisms should be optimized,and social organizations should be motivated to participate in employment support for the elderly,so as to promote the participation of the elderly in labor force development and improve the quality of life of the elderly.