春秋时期与忠的道德内涵的定型——中国传统忠德溯源之三

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Formation of the Moral Connotation of Loyalty——Third Source Exploration of the Traditional Chinese Virtue of Loyalty

经历了原始氏族社会和夏、商、西周的发展,忠由一种道德意识发展为一种道德观念,并在春秋时期完成了道德化的进程,成为一种内涵丰富、践行主客体及对象明晰的道德规范,实现了传统忠德基本内涵的定型。春秋时期,忠德的内涵十分丰富,既包括为上者对社稷和人民的利国利民之忠,也包括涵盖公平正义内涵的公忠精神,更包括与人忠、为人谋忠的尽心竭力之忠。春秋时期的忠德内涵型范了传统忠德基本内涵,以后无论忠德如何变迁,其基本内涵没有突破春秋时期确定的忠德内涵的范畴。

After its development in the primitive clan society and the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties,loyalty evolved from a moral consciousness to a moral concept and accomplished moralization in the Spring and Autumn Period,becoming a moral regulation with rich connotations and explicit practical subjects and objects.The basic connotation of traditional virtue of loyalty was thus formed.In the Spring and Autumn Period,the connotation of the virtue of loyalty included the responsibility for the welfare of the country and the people,the spirit of selflessness for fairness and justice,as well as the sincerity and dedication to others'causes.The basic connotation of traditional virtue of loyalty has been shaped and regulated by that of the Spring and Autumn Period.No matter how this virtue changed,its basic connotation has never gone beyond the scope established during the Spring and Autumn Period.