太宰治《人间失格》在中国三十年的阅读史

Reading History of Osamu Dazai's No Longer Human in China for Three Decades

近三十年来,太宰治文学尤其是《人间失格》在中国被不断翻译、评论和研究,形成了一段值得论析的阅读史。归结起来,大致可以分为三个层面:一是社会学层面,认为《人间失格》是日本战败后社会的一面镜子;二是心理学层面,从人类共通心理的角度阅读《人间失格》,寻求情绪宣泄、心理治疗及审美转化等功能诉求;三是现代性与当代性层面,《人间失格》被年轻读者赋予了新的意蕴,以诠释部分当代人的生存状态。《人间失格》及其阅读史作为中国的外国文学、日本文学阅读接受的一个重要案例,具有一定的分析研究价值。

In recent three decades,the oeuvre of Osamu Dazai,especially his No Longer Human has been retranslated,commented and studied,forming a worthwhile reading history in China.Overall,this piece of work has been researched in three aspects:the first perspective is from sociology,and it deems No Longer Human as a mirror,which reflects the Japanese society after the World War II;the second perspective is from psychology,and it reckons that No Longer Human interprets the common needs of human beings,such as catharsis,therapy,aesthetic conversion and so on;the third perspective is from modernity and contemporaneity,and No Longer Human is endowed with new meanings by young readers to demonstrate the status quo of the modern society.So,as an important case in China's foreign literature and Japanese literature reading acceptance,No Longer Human is worth analyzing and studying.