鄂西烟区低温、连阴雨对烤烟烟叶化学成分与产量的影响

Effects of Chilling and Continuous Rain Damage on Chemical Composition and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco in Western Hubei

基于鄂西烟区国家气象站的气象数据、烤烟化学成分数据及单产量数据,采用统计及ArcGIS插值方法,研究烟叶主要气象要素、生育期低温、连阴雨灾害分布特征及不同部位化学成分,并分析其与气象要素的关系,在此基础上研究连阴雨对烤烟品质及单产量的影响。结果发现:鄂西南烟区伸根期和成熟期发生低温冷害的次数多于鄂西北的,鄂西烟区遭遇低温冷害次数呈下降趋势。连阴雨发生的次数和最长持续天数分布特征呈南多北少。恩施州南部连阴雨发生的频率高、强度大。连阴雨最长持续天数与烟叶不同部位的还原糖、氯、钾氯比、糖碱比关联度较大,其中与还原糖关联度最大;长时间持续连阴雨是影响烟叶中氯含量的重要因素,对其贡献为负,对上部叶、下部叶的钾氯比有一定影响,对其贡献为正。鄂西南烟区连阴雨最长持续天数对烤烟单产量有负面影响,对鄂西北烟区有正面影响。

Based on the meteorological data of the National Meteorological Station in the tobacco-planting area of western Hubei,the chemical composition data of flue-cured tobacco and the yield per unit area,this article analyzes the main meteorological elements of tobacco in western Hubei and the distribution characteristics of chilling damage and continuous rain disasters during the growth period of tobacco by using statistical and ArcGIS interpolation methods.Besides,chemical composition and its relationship with meteorological elements such as average temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours are also analyzed.On this basis,the influence of continuous rain on the quality and yield per unit area of flue-cured tobacco is further analyzed.The results show that the occurrence frequency of chilling damage in the tobacco areas of southwestern Hubei during the root extension and mature stages is higher than that in the northwestern part.The frequency of low temperature chilling damage in the tobacco-growing area of western Hubei shows a decreasing trend.The distribution characteristics of the frequency of consecutive overcast and rainy days and the longest continuous rainy days are similar,more in the south and less in the north.The frequency and intensity of continuous rain in the southern part of Enshi Prefecture are high and strong.The longest duration of continuous rain has a higher correlation with reducing sugar,chlorine,potassium-chlorine ratio and sugar-to-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves,and,especially,its correlation with the reducing sugar is the highest.Continuous rain for a long time is an important negative factor affecting the chlorine content in tobacco leaves.It has a positive certain impact on the potassium chloride ratio of upper leaves and lower leaves.Generally,the longest continuous rainy days have negative impact on the flue-cured tobacco yield per unit area in southwestern Hubei,but positive impact in northwestern Hubei.