物流途中邮寄物损毁赔偿规则研究

Research on Compensation Rules for Damage to Mailed Items During Logistics

随着电子商务的普及,关于邮寄物损毁赔偿的纠纷屡见不鲜,而消费者实际获得的赔偿金额与期望获得的赔偿金额之间的落差是引发纠纷的导火索。但坚持损失填平规则、通过立法强制要求物流公司在任何情形下以邮寄物实际价值赔偿消费者损失,又可能导致双方的风险承担义务失衡,不仅不利于物流行业的发展,更有违公平原则的践行。故可以通过区分物流公司在提供物流服务的过程中有无重大过错的不同情形,分别判断其应当承担何种赔偿责任,以及是否应当填平消费者的实际损失。同时,也可以采用过错推定的证明模式解决实践中消费者取证维权困难的问题。

With the popularization of e-commerce,disputes related to compensation for damage to postal items are not uncommon.The difference between the actual amount of compensation received by consumers and the expected amount of compensation is the trigger for disputes.However,adhering to the principles of loss filling and requiring logistics companies to compensate consumers for losses based on the actual value of the mailed goods through legislation may also lead to an imbalance in the risk bearing obligations of both parties.This is not only detrimental to the development of the logistics industry,but also goes against the practice of the common law.Therefore,it is possible to distinguish between different situations where logistics companies have made significant mistakes in providing logistics services,and determine what compensation responsibilities they should bear,as well as whether they should fill in the actual losses of consumers.At the same time,the proof model of presumption of fault can also be used to solve the problem of consumers'difficulties in obtaining evidence and safeguarding their rights in practice.