江苏淮南地区白麦品种筛选研究

Screening of White Wheat Varieties in Huainan Area of Jiangsu Province

白皮小麦是一种大穗型且出粉率高的小麦品种,在农业生产中逐渐受到农民的青睐,为了筛选出适宜江苏省地区大面积种植的白麦品种,通过选用常见的17种白麦,以淮麦33为对照品种,对田间表现、抗性及产量等进行了综合调查比较,以期筛选出综合表现良好及产量高的白麦品种。结果显示,白麦的全生育期在215~219 d,对照淮麦33的全生育期偏长,大部分品种的全生育期都低于对照;在田间表现方面(株型、落粒性、穗层整齐度及熟相等),淮麦系列(淮麦45、淮麦47、淮麦49、淮麦52)、宁麦系列(宁中麦1号、宁麦16164)、瑞华麦549和徐麦2023表现良好;从抗性方面来看,所有白麦品种的冻害程度在冬季都高于春季,大部分品种均未发生倒伏,所有品种在温度适宜及病虫害防治及时后均未发生病害;从产量方面来看,淮麦33产量排名为12处于中等偏下,淮麦系列(淮麦45、淮麦47、淮麦49、淮麦52)、宁麦(宁麦16164和宁中麦1号)、瑞华麦549和徐麦2023的产量明显高于对照品种,这主要与其有效穗和千粒重偏高有关。综上所述,综合考虑到田间性状、抗性及产量等方面,筛选出宁麦16164、淮麦45、淮麦47、徐麦2023、淮麦52、瑞华麦549、宁中麦1号、淮麦49这8个品种明显优于对照,可在该地区推广种植。

White⁃skinned wheat is a kind of wheat variety with large panicle type and high flour yield,which is gradually favored by farmers in agricultural production.In order to screen white wheat varieties suitable for large⁃scale planting in Jiangsu Province,we selected 17 common white wheat varieties and compared their field performance,resistance and yield with Huaimai 33 as the control variety,in order to screen white wheat varieties with good comprehensive performance and high yield.The results showed that the whole growth period of white wheat was 215-219 d,and the whole growth period of control Huaimai 33 was longer,and the whole growth period of most varieties was lower than that of con⁃trol.Huaimai series(Huaimai 45,Huaimai 47,Huaimai 49,Huaimai 52),Ningmai series(Ningzhongmai 1,Ningmai 16164),Ruihuamai 549 and Xumai 2023 performed well in field performance.From the aspect of resistance,the degree of freezing injury of all white wheat varieties were higher in winter than in spring,and most varieties had no lodging,and all varieties did not suffered from diseases after proper temperature and timely pest control.In terms of yield,the yield of Huaimai 33 ranked 12,and the yield of Huaimai series(Huaimai 45,Huaimai 47,Huaim⁃ai 49 and Huaimai 52),Ningmai(Ningmai 16164 and Ningzhongmai No.1),Ruihuamai 549 and Xumai 2023 was significantly higher than that of the control variety,which was mainly related to their higher effective panicle and 1000⁃grain weight.To sum up,considering the field charac⁃ters,resistance and yield,eight varieties of Ningmai 16164,Huaimai 45,Huaimai 47,Xumai 2023,Huaimai 52,Ruihuamai 549,Ningzhongmai 1 and Huaimai 49 were screened out,which were obviously superior to the control,and could be popularized in this area.