沼渣替代草炭的栽培基质特性及其对番茄生长的影响

Cultivation Substrate Characteristics of Biogas Residue Instead of Peat and Its Effect on Tomato Growth

以沼渣作为草炭的替代材料,研究不同配比沼渣对栽培基质理化性质及其对番茄农艺性状和产量等的影响,探究沼渣替代草炭作栽培基质的可行性,以及沼渣替代草炭作栽培基质的最佳配比。结果表明:沼渣替代草炭后提高了栽培基质的容重、pH、EC、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,而最大持水量、田间持水量、毛管孔隙和总孔隙度降低。沼渣替代草炭后栽培基质容重为0.17~0.34 g/cm^(3),总孔隙度为61.87%~68.88%,非毛管孔隙度在11.87%~15.42%,pH在5.67~5.94,EC值在0.21~3.85 mS/cm,CK、T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理的栽培基质的理化性质均在适宜范围,而T_(4)处理(沼渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6∶2∶2)的栽培基质EC值超过3.49 mS/cm,不适宜作栽培基质。沼渣替代草炭的栽培基质显著降低了番茄的株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量(P<0.05),且沼渣替代草炭的比例越高,番茄的株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量越低。但随着作物的生长,这种差异逐渐降低。沼渣替代草炭的栽培基质的番茄单果重和单株结果数低于CK。结合番茄的农艺性状和产量,CK(草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6∶2∶2)的番茄的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、单果重以及单株结果数高于T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理,最适宜作为番茄栽培基质。但基于沼渣消纳的考虑,沼渣替代草炭比例低的T_(1)处理(沼渣∶草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶2∶2)的栽培基质也较适合在番茄栽培中推广应用。

This research evaluated the effects of biogas residue as peat substitute in growing media on the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the growth of tomato.The results showed that the replacement of peat by biogas residue increased the bulk density,pH,EC,organic matter,alkali⁃hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,while the maximum water holding capacity,field water holding capacity,capillary pores and total porosity decreased.After biogas residue replaced peat,the bulk density of cultivation medium was 0.17-0.34 g/cm^(3),the total porosity was 61.87%-68.88%,the non capillary porosity was 11.87%-15.42%,the pH was 5.67-5.94,and the EC value was 0.21-3.85 mS/cm.The physical and chemical properties of cultivation medium treated with CK,T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)were all with⁃in the recommended range,while the EC Value of cultivation medium treated with T_(4)(biogas residue∶vermiculite∶perlite=6∶2∶2)was be⁃yond 3.49 mS/cm,which was not suitable for cultivation medium.The plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll content of tomato were sig⁃nificantly reduced after biogas residues were replaced by peat(P<0.05).And the higher the proportion of biogas residue replacing peat,the lower the plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll content of tomato.However,with the growth of crops,the difference gradually de⁃creased.The fruit weight and fruit number of single plant of tomato with biogas residue instead of peat were lower than CK.Combined with the agronomic characters and yield of tomato,the plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content,fruit weight and fruit number per plant of CK(peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=6∶2∶2)were higher than those of T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3),which was the most suitable substrate for tomato cultivation.However,considering the consumption of biogas residue,the cultivation substrate of T_(1)treatment with biogas residue instead of peat(biogas residue∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=2∶4∶2∶2)is also more suitable for popularization and application in tomato cultivation.