园林营造技艺中“扬州工”的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of“Yangzhou Skill”in Landscape Construction Techniques

扬州园林是江南园林的重要组成部分。从扬州园林史入手,梳理扬州园林营造技艺中的“扬州工”形成与发展脉络,其经历了隋唐时期的“初见端倪”,宋明时期的“形成系统”,清代中期的“臻于成熟”“形成流派”的不同阶段。“扬州工”独特的风格特点表现在因地制宜地选择材料;制作工艺精致儒雅、细腻圆润,追求“书卷气”;园林建筑融汇南北,外观上介于南北之间,在结构与细部的处理上又兼抒两者之长。

Yangzhou Gardens is an important part of Jiangnan Gardens.Starting from the history of Yangzhou Gardens,this paper combs the formation and development of“Yangzhou Skill”in Yangzhou gardens construction techniques,which grew through different stages since the Sui and Tang dynasties,became systematic in Song and Ming dynasties,reached maturity and formed genre in the middle of Qing dynasty.“Yangzhou Skill”is characterized by its adaptive choice of materials,considering local conditions.Its crafting process is exquisite,elegant,and smooth,striving for a“scholarly”aura.The landscape architecture blends elements from both northern and southern styles,with an appearance that sits between them,combining both strengths in its structure and detailed workmanship.