城市绿色转型的就业创造效应——来自低碳城市试点的证据

On the Employment Creation Effect of Urban Green Transformation:Evidence from Low-carbon City Pilots

实现城市绿色转型是“双碳”战略目标的重要支撑之一,以中国低碳城市试点政策为准自然实验,运用多时点双重差分法研究了城市绿色转型政策对就业的影响。研究表明,相较于非试点地区,低碳城市试点政策显著提升了试点地区的就业水平,这表明低碳城市试点政策具有显著的就业创造效应。机制分析显示,城市绿色转型主要通过促进绿色技术创新、带动产业结构优化和提升居民绿色消费理念等渠道发挥就业创造效应。异质性分析显示,城市绿色转型的就业创造效应主要存在于服务型行业以及非资源型、新型基础设施较好、政府创新偏好较强和经济禀赋较好的地区。本文从就业角度丰富和拓展了低碳城市试点建设经济后果的相关研究,不仅为破解“低碳”与“发展”的悖论提供了经验证据,而且对新时期促进绿色低碳转型与就业的协调发展具有重要启示。

Urban green transformation constitutes a crucial pillar in achieving the objectives of the"dual carbon"strategy.This paper takes the low-carbon city pilot policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the multi-temporal difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the impact of urban green transformation on employment.The findings reveal a significant improvement in employment levels in pilot areas compared to non-pilot regions,underscoring the employment-creating effect of low-carbon city construction.Mechanism analysis results demonstrate that the employment creation effects of urban green low-carbon transformation primarily stem from the promotion of green technological innovation,the impetus for optimizing industrial structures,and the enhancement of residents'green consumption concepts.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the employment creation effect of urban green transformation is predominantly observed in service-oriented industries and regions characterized by superior non-resource-based development,advanced new infrastructure,stronger government innovation preferences,and enhanced economic endowments.This paper enriches and expands research on the economic consequences of low-carbon city construction from the vantage point of employment.Beyond providing empirical evidence to resolve the paradox between"low-carbon"and"development",it offers crucial insights for fostering the synchronized development of green low-carbon transition and employment in the contemporary era.