NK细胞代谢途径及其功能

Metabolism and function of NK cells

NK细胞是固有免疫系统的重要成员,在免疫应答中发挥关键作用。NK细胞激活主要依赖于其表面表达的活化性受体和抑制性受体间的动态平衡。然而,在许多慢性疾病模型中,NK细胞受体表达失衡,导致杀伤活性及细胞因子产生能力降低,处于免疫失活状态。近年许多研究表明,胞内代谢对包括NK细胞在内的免疫细胞至关重要,代谢改变能够通过影响细胞发育、增殖和活性等调节免疫细胞效应功能发挥。鉴于NK细胞强大的抗肿瘤和抗病毒功能及其重要的临床应用价值,深入研究其代谢特征及机制具有重要意义。本文主要从NK细胞的代谢方式及其相关调控通路、代谢对NK细胞发育、记忆和功能的调控作用以及基于代谢的NK细胞疗法进行综述,阐述代谢对NK细胞生物合成、体内稳定及效应功能的重要作用,以及不同慢性疾病模型中NK细胞失活的代谢相关因素,为NK细胞治疗的临床应用提供坚实的研究依据。

NK cells are important components of innate immune system and play a key role in immune responses.Activation of NK cells mainly depends on dynamic balance between activatory and inhibitory receptors expressed on surface.However,in many chronic diseases,balance between these receptors of NK cells is disorder,resulting in reduced cytolysis activity and cytokine produc‐tion,which is in a state of immune inactivation.In recent years,many studies have shown that intracellular metabolism is crucial for immune cells such as NK cells,and changes of metabolism will regulate functions of immune cells by affecting cell development,pro‐liferation and activity.In view of powerful anti-tumor and anti-viral effects of NK cells and their important clinical application value,it is important to study their metabolic characteristics and mechanisms.This review mainly introduces metabolic patterns of NK cell,related regulatory pathways,regulatory effects of metabolism on NK cell development,memory and functions,and metabolism-based NK cell therapy,also expounds important role of metabolism on NK cell biosynthesis,stability and effector function in vivo,as well as metabolism-related factors involved in NK cell inactivation in different chronic diseases,providing a solid research basis for clinical application of NK cell therapy.