蜂糖李需冷量与需热量研究

Chilling and Heat Requirement of‘Fengtang’Plum

【目的】明确蜂糖李的需冷量与需热量以及二者的关系,为其花期和成熟期预测提供依据。【方法】以蜂糖李为试验材料,在人工控温的离体枝条上,采用0~7.2℃模型、犹他模型和动态模型进行需冷量估算,并研究了增加冷积累和热积累对其萌发的影响;在大田条件下,记录蜂糖李相关物候期,对其开花需冷量和需热量以及果实成熟需热量进行估算,明确最适估算模型;分别通过室内控制冷量积累和增加热量积累以及大田蜂糖李开花需冷量与需热量的相关性,进一步研究需冷量和需热量之间的关系。【结果】蜂糖李休眠期42~54 d,休眠解除至开花需51~69 d,果实发育需109~117 d。蜂糖李需冷量估算值为142.0~385.0冷量小时(0~7.2℃模型,CH)、449.5~606.6冷量单元(犹他模型,CU)、25.8~28.9冷量组分(动态模型,CP),其中以动态模型变异系数最小,田间和控温条件估算结果符合性最好,为最适需冷量估算模型;开花需热量以Richardson模型估算值变异系数最小,估算值为5 474.5~6 609.2生长度小时(GDH·℃);盛花至果实成熟需热量估算以Anderson模型更稳定,为40 417.1~41 892.8 GDH·℃。室内冷量和热量补偿试验表明:在一定范围内,可通过增加热量弥补冷量不足以打破休眠;冷量增多,蜂糖李萌发需热量相对减少,需冷量满足后,增加冷量,开花进程加快。大田蜂糖李开花需冷量与需热量成负相关。【结论】3个模型中,动态模型为蜂糖李需冷量估算最适模型;就开花而言,蜂糖李为低需冷量、低需热量品种,其需冷量和需热量呈负相关。研究结果可为蜂糖李生产引种、栽培调控、花期预测和品种选育提供参考。

[Purpose]To clarify the chilling and heat requirements,and the relationship between them for flowering of‘Fengtang’plum,providing a basis for flowering and maturity prediction.[Methods]The chilling requirement of‘Fengtang’plum was estimated by using 0-7.2℃model,Utah model and dynamic model on the detached branches under artificial temperature control,and the effects of chilling and heat accumulation on the germination were also studied.Under field conditions,the relative phenological periods of‘Fengtang’plum were recorded,and the chilling and heat require-ments for flowering and fruit maturing were estimated,and the optimal estimation model was defined.The relationship between chilling requirement and heat requirement was further studied by con-trolling chilling accumulation and increasing heat accumulation,and the correlation between chilling requirement and heat requirement in flowering of‘Fengtang’plum were established.[Results]The dormant period of‘Fengtang’plum was from 42 to 54 days,and it took 51-69 days to break dormancy and 109-117 days to develop fruit.The estimated value of chilling requirement of‘Fengtang’plum was 142.0-385.0 chill hours(0-7.2℃model,CH),449.5-606.6 chill units(Utah model,CU),and 25.8-28.9 chill portions(dynamic model,CP).Dynamic model showed the lowest coefficient of variation,and the results of field condition estimations were consistant with that under temperature control con-ditions,indicating dynamic model was most suitable model for estimating chilling requirement.In heat requirement evaluation for flowering of‘Fengtang’plum,Richardson model showed the lowest coefficient of variation,the estimated value ranged from 5474.5 to 6609.2 GDH·℃;in heat require-ment evaluation for fruit maturing of‘Fengtang’plum,Anderson model was more stable,showing es-timated value from 40417.1 to 41892.8 GDH.The results of indoor chilling and heat compensation experiments showed that the dormancy could be broken by adding heat to make up for the lack of chil-ling in a certain range,and the germination of‘Fengtang’plum needed less heat when the chilling accu-mulation was increased,the flowering process accelerated.There was a negative correlation between chilling requirement and heat requirement in flowering of field‘Fengtang’plum.[Conclusion]Am-ong the three models,the dynamic model is the best one for the chilling requirement of‘Fengtang’plum,and for flowering,‘Fengtang’plum is a low chilling requirement and low heat requirement vari-ety,and there is a negative correlation between the chilling requirement and heat requirement.The results of this study can provide a reference for the production,introduction,cultivation control,flor-escence prediction and variety breeding of‘Fengtang’plum.