教育扶贫政策的变迁历程、演进逻辑及优化策略——基于历史制度主义的分析

Study on the Evolution Process,Development Logics and Optimization Strategies of Educational Poverty Alleviation Policies Based on the Historical Institutionalism

贫困问题始终是全人类面临的重大社会问题之一,教育扶贫作为一种有效的扶贫手段与方式,对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果、防止人员再度返贫等具有重要意义。基于历史制度主义的分析视角,系统梳理新中国成立以来我国在教育扶贫领域颁布的众多政策,研究发现我国教育扶贫政策在70多年的演变过程中有较明显的路径依赖倾向,政府能力与社会环境变化是影响教育扶贫政策变迁的重要因素。在后扶贫时代的宏观背景下,推动教育扶贫政策与乡村振兴战略有效衔接、加快教育扶贫现代化步伐、形成和完善教育扶贫协同治理大格局是教育扶贫政策突破原有路径依赖、构建新型制度均衡的必经之路。

Poverty remains a significant social issue faced by humanity,and educational poverty allevia-tion,as an effective means,holds great importance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation efforts and preventing individuals from falling back into poverty.This article reviews the educational poverty alleviation policies promulgated in China since its founding from the perspective of historical institutionalism.The findings reveal a clear path-dependent tendency in the evolution of China’s educational poverty allevia-tion policies over the past 70 years,with government capacity and changes in the social environment being important factors influencing policy changes.Against the backdrop of the post-poverty alleviation era,effec-tively aligning educational poverty alleviation policies with the rural revitalization strategy,accelerating the modernization of educational poverty alleviation,and establishing and improving a large-scale collaborative governance pattern for educational poverty alleviation are essential steps to break away from the existing path dependence and build a new institutional equilibrium.