非医学原因卵母细胞冷冻技术的伦理学争论

An Ethical Debate on Non-medical Oocyte Cryopreservation

近年来卵母细胞冷冻技术临床应用备受关注。风险与受益、自主性、性别平等是健康人群使用该技术面临的主要伦理困境。该技术只是推迟生育的技术。使用该技术的受益具有不确定性,并可能引发新的社会风险。在资本裹挟和商业化驱使下,健康女性的自主性也颇具挑战。该技术并非是实现男女平等享用医疗技术的手段。实现男女平等享用医疗资源,应根据男女不同生理差异,有针对地实施治疗手段。在中国,能否允许卵母细胞冷冻技术的适用人群外扩,应秉持审慎原则,由法学家、伦理学家、社会学家、政策制定者充分论证后决定。

Recently,the medical application of oocyte cryopreservation(OC)assisted reproductive technology has attracted much attention.The main ethical dilemmas faced by healthy individuals using this technology include assessing risks and benefits,autonomy,and gender equality.Non-medical OC is essentially a means of delaying reproduction,and the benefits for users are uncertain and may trigger new social risks.Autonomy is also quite a challenging issue,especially in the context of capital coercion and commercialization.Furthermore,the technology does not inherently promote gender equality in accessing medical procedures.Achieving gender equality in healthcare resources requires implementing targeted treatment methods based on the physiological differences between men and women.In China,expanding the eligible population for oocyte cryopreservation should be approached with caution,involving thorough deliberation by legal experts,ethicists,sociologists,and policymakers.