以色列人体器官捐献改革经验的伦理评析

Ethical Analysis of Human Organ Donation Reform in Israel

合乎伦理地促进人体器官捐献是一个全球性议题。近年来,以色列在器官捐献领域的改革成果受到国际瞩目,其成功经验可以对我国器官捐献事业持续改革提供借鉴意义。在比较研究意义层面,中国和以色列两国在器官捐献的改革目标、家庭参与度以及传统文化影响力等维度都具有一定相似性。回顾了以色列自2008年以来在器官捐献领域实施的改革措施,评析了其捐献改革在伦理上的创新与局限。在此基础上,进一步分析了以色列的相关经验对我国器官捐献改革中在脑死亡标准确立、社会文化教育以及完善家庭优先权激励等议题上的借鉴价值。

Ethically promoting organ donation is a global concern.Israel's achievements in organ donation reform have garnered international attention,which may offer valuable insights for ongoing reforms in organ donation in China.In terms of comparative research significance,both countries share similarities in reform goals,family participation,and traditional cultural influence on organ donation.This study aims to review Israel's organ donation reforms since 2008 and analyze the ethical innovations and limitations of its reforms.Based on this analysis,the study further explores the potential value of Israel's experience for China's organ donation reform,particularly in establishing brain death criteria,promoting social and cultural education,and enhancing family priority incentives.