国家公园热带森林恢复对植物多样性和土壤性质的影响

Impact of tropical forest restoration on plant diversity and soil properties in national parks

如何进行生态保护修复是国家公园建设中面临的现实问题。实施自然恢复被认为是重要的保护修复原则,然而恢复过程中生态系统要素的变化仍需明确。以热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区为对象,选择正常经营橡胶林、弃管后恢复2年橡胶林、10年次生林、30年次生林、60年次生林和成熟林构成森林恢复梯度,探索森林恢复过程中植物多样性和土壤性质的变化特征。结果表明,森林恢复过程中植物丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现先升高后降低趋势,恢复30年次生林具最高植物多样性,恢复60年后植物多样性趋于稳定;土壤有机质和总氮呈先降低后升高趋势,但总磷呈现降低趋势;植物丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与土壤有机质和总氮相关性均不显著,但与总磷呈显著负相关。研究明确了以橡胶林为自然恢复起点的植物多样性恢复所需年限,证实了在恢复过程中植物多样性与土壤总磷的关系,为评估热带雨林国家公园中实施生态保护修复的效应提供支撑。

How to carry out ecological protection and restoration is a practical problem faced in the construction of national parks.The implementing natural restoration is considered an important measure for conservation and restoration,but changes in ecosystem elements still need to be clarified during the restoration process.This study took the Yinggeling area of the Tropical Rainforest National Park as the object.We constructed forest restoration gradient by selecting normally managed rubber forests,2-year rubber forests restored after abandonment,10-year secondary forests,30-year secondary forests,60-year secondary forests and mature forests.Changes in plant diversity and soil properties are explored along with the forest restoration process.The results showed that plant richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index first increased and then decreased with the forest restoration process.More specifically,plant diversity reached the highest after 30 years of restoration and tended to be stable after 60 years of restoration.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen first decreased and then increased,but total phosphorus showed a decreasing trend.The correlations between plant richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were insignificant with soil organic matter and total nitrogen,but they were significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus.These results clarify the number of years required to restore plant diversity using rubber forests as the starting point for restoration,and confirm the relationship between plant diversity and total soil phosphorus during the restoration process.This study provides support for evaluating the effects of ecological conservation and restoration in tropical rainforest national parks.