被动声学监测技术在国家公园生物多样性保护中的作用及发展趋势

Roles and development trends of passive acoustic monitoring techniques for biodiversity conservation in national parks

我国正着手打造全球最大的国家公园体系,迫切需要开展大尺度的生物多样性调查和监测,从而为国家公园建设发展提供重要支撑。新兴的被动声学监测(PAM)技术,是开展大尺度生物多样性研究的良好手段,近年来受到越来越多的关注。对PAM技术的概念、发展和优势进行了概述,并从声景的动态变化监测、生物多样性研究、生物与环境关系、人为活动对生物影响以及声景的生态服务和生态保护5个方面,介绍了PAM技术在国家公园生物多样性保护中的作用。从构建大尺度声景监测网络、助力濒危物种保护、改进声学存储分析技术以及声景资源的开发利用和保护4个方面,探讨了国家公园声学调查和监测的发展趋势。讨论了PAM技术当前所面临的挑战,并对其发展前景进行了展望。综上所述,PAM技术未来会成为开展生态保护和自然资源利用的重要手段,并在我国国家公园建设和管理中发挥重要作用。

China is building the largest national park system in the world.There is an urgent need to carry out large-scale biodiversity surveys and monitoring,so as to provide important support for the construction and development of national parks.The emerging technique of passive acoustic monitoring(PAM)has become an increasingly favored method for large-scale biodiversity research in recent years.This paper provides an overview of the concept,development and advantage of PAM technology,and introduces the roles of this technology in biodiversity conservation in national parks from five aspects,including dynamic change monitoring of soundscape,biodiversity research,relationship between organism and environment,impact of anthropogenic activities on organisms as well as ecological services and ecological protection of the soundscape.Additionally,the paper discusses the developmental trends of acoustic surveys and monitoring in national parks from four perspectives,that is,building a large-scale soundscape monitoring network,assisting the protection of endangered species,improving acoustic storage and analysis techniques,and the development,utilization and conservation of soundscape resources.Finally,this paper discusses the current challenges of the PAM technology and offers a perspective on its future.In summary,PAM technology will become an important method of ecological protection and natural resource utilization,and play a significant role in the construction and management of Chinese national parks.