试析当代保加利亚民粹主义政党的兴起及走向

Analysis of the Rise and Development Trend of Contemporary Bulgarian Populist Parties

东欧剧变后,民粹主义政党作为一股新兴的政治力量在曾经是社会主义国家的中东欧国家崭露头角并逐渐发展壮大,有的还先后在各自国家上台执政。保加利亚是民族民粹主义较为盛行的东欧国家。受历史文化、政治体制和国际环境等因素的影响,保加利亚民粹主义政党在发展中呈现出实用主义、民族主义和个人主义的特点。它们在20世纪90年代登场,自21世纪起异军突起,多次组建政府,逐渐发展壮大,成为国家政治格局的重要一极,同时不断更新换代。当代保加利亚民粹主义政党有着不同的主张和表现,它们的兴起缘自民众对传统政党失去信心、民族主义思潮的抬头和多元化的社会动员。未来,保加利亚民粹主义政党依然拥有可观的活跃空间。

After drastic changes in Eastern Europe,populist parties,as a new political force,began to emerge and grow in former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe,and some of them even came to power successively.Bulgaria is a country with relatively popular populism in Eastern Europe.Influenced by the factors such as historical culture,political system and interna-tional environment,Bulgarian populist parties have the characteristics of pragmatism,nationalism and individualism.They have emerged as a new force from the begining of the 21st century,formed governments several times,and gradually occupied a stable pole in the country’s political landscape while being renewed constantly.This paper focuses on the political opinions and perfor-mance of populist parties in today’s Bulgaria,in order to explain the reasons why populism rises,to understand the achievements and remained problems of its political transition,and to look forward to the general development trend of party politics in the country.