论叶燮《原诗》中的“面目”

On "Face" in Ye Xie's The Origin of Poems

“面目”一词渊源已久,清代叶燮《原诗》集中使用了“面目”一词。叶燮将面目的三个阶段分为“世俗之我”“古人之我”“诗人之我”,“面目”的产生前提是“胸襟”,由审美主体的“才、胆、识、力”构成的胸襟与审美客体所蕴含的“理、事、情”相遇合进行艺术再创作方能作出不朽名篇。值得注意的是“情”非诗人主观情感而是事物蕴含的情态与意趣。同时叶燮以王维五言面目全见与七古面目半见提出诗歌应该含蓄蕴藉、层次分明并且展现事物情态意趣的隐含要求,诗人情感反而并未过于看重。

The word "face" has a long history. In the Qing Dynasty, Ye Xie used the word "face" in his The Origin of Poems . Ye Xie divided the three stages of face into "secular self", "ancient self" and "poet's self". The premise of "face" is "mind", which consists of "talent, courage, knowledge and power" of the aesthetic subject and "reason, matter and emotion" contained in the aesthetic object can meet and combine in artistic creation to make immortal works. It is worth noting that "emotion" is not the poet's subjective feelings, but the modality and interest contained in things. At the same time, Ye Xie put forward the implicit requirements that poetry should be implicit, clearly layered and show the modal interest of things based on Wang Wei's full view of five-character quatrains and half view of seven-character octaves.