“三权分置”背景下农地信托法律问题研究

Research on the Legal Issues of Rural Land Trustunder the Background of "Separation of Three Rights"

农地信托是当前农村金融创新、激活农村土地财产属性的有益探索。农地“三权分置”改革后,信托财产是否必然为土地经营权、信托当事人为何者、农民权益如何得到保障等一系列问题成为当前农地信托亟需回应的法律问题。实际上,土地经营权作为一项财产权利,具备信托财产的诸多特征而可以成为信托财产,在此基础上可以确定信托当事人的法律角色,从而可以明晰农地信托的法律构造。出于对农民的弱势地位、金融风险防范等考虑,应采用设置监察人制度对农民利益进行保护。

Currently,rural land trust is a beneficial exploration of rural financial innovation and activation of rural land property.After the"separation of three rights"reform of rural land,a series of legal issues urgently need to be addressed,such as whether the trust property is the land management right,who is the trustee,and how the rights and interests of farmers are protected.In fact,the land management right,as a property right,meets the requirements of the trust property’s characteristics,so it can become the trust property.Based on this,the legal role of the trustee can be determined,and the legal structure of rural land trust can be clarified.In consideration of the vulnerable position of farmers and financial risk prevention,a supervisory system should be established to protect the interests of farmers.