扎龙保护区育苇场站鸟类多样性研究

Study on Bird Diversity at Yuwei Station in Zhalong Nature Reserve

于2022年3月至2023年5月在黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区育苇场站监测范围内,采用样线法、样点法对该区域中的芦苇沼泽、草甸草原、农田及河流湖泊4种主要生境类型的野生鸟类资源多样性情况开展了调查,主要从监测鸟类的物种组成、保护级别及群落特征等维度进行了统计学分析。调查结果表明:共记录野生鸟类70种,隶属于13目23科41属,累计监测数量59851只次,其中包括7种国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类、18种国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类;在监测种类、数量上,最多均是雁形目鸟类,分别为15种、28452只次,优势种为豆雁(Anser fabalis)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)、灰鹤(Grus grus);鸟类构成以夏候鸟、旅鸟为主,芦苇沼泽生境的鸟类多样性指数最高、农田生境最低。针对育苇场站野生鸟类资源监测调查现状,提出了科学设置禁渔期、增加觅食栖息场所等相关建议,以期为该地区未来鸟类多样性的监测与研究提供基础资料与实际借鉴。

From March 2022 to May 2023,within the monitoring range of Yuwei Station in Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,a survey was conducted on the diversity of wild bird resources in the four main habitat types of reed swamp,grassland,farmland,as well as rivers and lakes in the area using the sampling line method and sampling point method.Statistical analysis was mainly conducted from the dimensions of species composition,protection level,and community characteristics of monitored birds.According to the survey,a total of 70 species of wild birds were recorded,belonging to 13 orders,23 families,and 41 genera.A total of 59851 bird species were monitored,including 7 national level I key protected birds and 18 national level II key protected birds;In terms of monitoring species and quantity,the most common bird species are the order Eniformes,with 15 species and 28452 Eniformes,respectively.The dominant species are Anser fabalis,Grus monacha,and Grus grus;The bird composition is mainly composed of summer migratory birds and migratory birds,with the highest bird diversity index in reed swamp habitats and the lowest in farmland habitats.In response to the current situation of monitoring and investigation of wild bird resources at Yuwei Station,relevant suggestions such as scientifically setting fishing bans and increasing foraging habitats are proposed,in order to provide certain basic data and practical reference for future monitoring and research of bird diversity in the region.