基于生态产品价值实现的生态系统服务付费研究进展

Research Progress of Payment for Ecosystem Services Based on Value Realization of Ecological Products

生态系统服务付费可划分为适合发展中国家的庇古型生态系统服务付费和适合发达国家的科斯型生态系统服务付费,但此种分类方式忽视了国家的发展趋势。研究认为生态产品价值实现能很好地解决这一问题。通过梳理生态系统服务付费和生态产品价值实现的概念内涵和内在联系,分析了生态系统服务付费的道德风险和逆向选择问题,讨论了发展中国家“矮化”生态系统服务付费内涵和应用的情形,提出了以生态产品价值实现为目标导向的3种生态系统服务付费模式,并讨论了不同模式下政府和市场之间的权衡关系,以期在设计生态保护补偿机制时,既考虑到中国仍属于发展中国家,又考虑到中国正不断深化市场化改革的国情。同时,深入研究生态产品价值实现并完善其核算体系和完善生态产品产权制度和监管制度是该领域研究未来的发展方向。

Payment for ecosystem services have been categorized into Pegu-type PES for developing countries and Kos-type PES for developed countries,but this categorization ignores national development trends.This study argues that ecological product value realization can well solve this problem.By sorting out the conceptual connotation and intrinsic connection between PES and ecological product value realization,analyzing the moral hazard and adverse selection of PES,and discussing the situation of"dwarfing"the connotation and application of PES in developing countries,this paper proposes three PES models oriented to the realization of the value of ecological products,and discusses the trade-offs between the government and the market under different models,with a view to taking into account that China is still a developing country as well as its deepening market-oriented reforms when designing the compensation mechanism for ecological protection.At the same time,in-depth research on the realization of the value of ecological products and the improvement of its accounting system,as well as the improvement of the property rights system and the regulatory system of ecological products are the future direction of research in this field.