动物胸腺肾模型构建的现状及研究进展

Current status and research progress of animal thymokidney model construction

在世界范围内,对于终末期器官衰竭患者,同种异体器官移植的一个主要限制是供体器官数量短缺,异种移植是解决器官短缺问题新的研究方向,但是异种移植后的排斥反应、病毒感染是严重的问题。现有研究表明,在异种器官移植时将胸腺移植作为一种辅助手段,构建动物胸腺肾模型,可以有效地减少排斥反应的发生。本文主要介绍了胸腺的主要特征、胸腺肾模型的构建以及胸腺肾在异种肾移植模型中建立免疫耐受的效果。已报道的2例异种肾移植的临床试验在术中均使用了胸腺肾模型以建立免疫耐受,术后的数据显示胸腺肾在临床异种肾移植中可以减轻排斥反应。但胸腺肾建立免疫耐受的机制研究仍未有突破,未来仍需要在基础研究上进行更多的探索,以期为临床应用提供更确切的理论依据。

Worldwide,for patients with end-stage organ failure,a major limitation of allogeneic organ transplantation is the shortage of donor organs.Xenotransplantation is a new research direction to solve the problem of organ shortage,but the rejection and virus infection after xenotransplantation are serious problems.Existing studies have shown that using thymus transplantation as an auxiliary means to construct animal thymokidney model during xenotransplantation can effectively reduce the occurrence of rejection.This paper mainly introduces the main characteristics of thymus,the construction of thymokidney model and the effect of thymokidney in establishing immune tolerance in xenotransplantation model.The thymokidney model was used to establish immune tolerance in 2 reported clinical trials of xenotransplantation,and the postoperative data showed that thymokidney could reduce rejection in clinical xenotransplantation.However,there is still no breakthrough in the research on the mechanism of immune tolerance of thymokidney,and more exploration is still needed in basic research in the future,in order to provide more precise theoretical basis for clinical application.